The Two Approaches: Moral Judgments vs Dialectical Thinking
- The two approaches in fact generate two very different ways of conceptualizing the phenomenon as a whole.
- On one hand, there are moral judgments that are indifferent to whether they are positive or negative.
- On the other hand, there is a genuinely dialectical attempt to think our present time in History.
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和訳 The two approaches
和訳 The two approaches The two approaches in fact generate two very different ways of conceptualizing the phenomenon as a whole, on the one hand moral judgments (about which it is indifferent whether they are positive or negative), and on the other a genuinely dialectical attempt to think our present time in History. 二つのアプローチは事実、現象を全体として概念化する二つのまるで違った方法を生み出してしまう。片方は道徳的判断（その判断が肯定的か否定的かには無関心である）であり、他方は歴史の中で私たちの現在の時間を考えるための真に弁証法的な試みである。 かっこ内のAbout which 以下の文意がよくわかりません。校正をお願いいたします。
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先行詞 moral judgements about which ... とあれば， which を先行詞に置き換えて考えるといいです。 about the moral judgements この部分はもともと，関係代名詞節内でどこかにあったものが which とともに前に出たものです。 日本語は語順が自由ですので，そのまま その道徳的判断について，肯定的であるか否定的であるかはどうでもよい。 限定用法として先行詞にかけて訳そうとすると，前置詞付きの場合，無理が生じます。 かっこがあることですし，このまま先行詞で切って考えた方がいいと覆います。 a genuinely dialectical attempt to think our present time in History まず，attempt はもちろん，名詞ですが，動詞 attempt to があるように， 名詞でも to がつながっています。 attempt to で「...しようとする試み」 think は that 節でない，単純な名詞を目的語にすることは制限があります。 今回は「分析する」という感覚の「考える」です。 歴史全体の中でのこの現代の位置づけを考えようとする真に弁証法的な試み。
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- about which
I cannot stress too greatly the radical distinction between a view for which the postmodern is one (optional) style among many others available, and one which seeks to grasp it as the cultural dominant of the logic of late capitalism: the two approaches in fact generate two very different ways of conceptualizing the phenomenon as a whole, on the one hand moral judgments (about which it is indifferent whether they are positive or negative), and on the other a genuinely dialectical attempt to think our present time in History. ポストモダンとは数多い他の選択肢の中の一つの（付加的な）形式であるという視点。そして後期資本主義の論理の文化的優性としてそれを理解することを求める視点。両者の間にある根本的な区別を、私はいくら強調しても足りない。二つのアプローチは事実、現象を全体として概念化する二つのまるで違った方法を生み出してしまう。片方は（それが肯定的か否定的かには無関心である）道徳的判断であり、他方は歴史全体の中でこの現代の位置づけを捉えようとする真に弁証法的な試みである。 About whichがわかりません。Whichは何を受けているのでしょう。
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The term spike refers to the shape of the peaks that are seen on the oscillograph records when the membrane potential is measured by a fine electrode placed in the vicinity, or in the interior of the neuron. (The more interpretable records of the membrane potential are obtained by means of one electrode inside the cell and one outside, which may be placed at some distance and is then called “indifferent electrode”.) この文章の和訳お願いします。
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和訳お願いします! Financial ratio analysis In financial ratio analysis, the analyst examines the relationship between two numbers on the financial statements-in most cases dividing one number by the other-in order to draw conclusions about a company's financial condition. Although there are potentially as many ratios as there are pairs of financial statement numbers,our discussion will focus on nine ratios can tell us a lot about the financial health of a company. These ratios fall into three categories. Liquidity ratios and leverage ratios seek to answer the question,"Where do they stand?" The former focus on a company's ability to meet its near-term cash requirements, while the latter look at the relationship between liabilities and shareholders' equity. Profitability ratios,which assess a company's profitability, are one approach to answering the question, "How did they do?" The other approach involves an analysis of the cash flow statement,which is discussed in the last section of this chapter. よろしくお願いします。
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Joffre began to dismiss commanders in early August, beginning with the VII Corps commander Bonneau and by 6 September had removed two army, ten corps and 38 divisional commanders, by transferring them to Limoges ("Limogé"). The VII Corps in the south was reinforced by two divisions, a cavalry division and the First Group of Reserve Divisions. The corps was renamed the Army of Alsace, to relieve the First Army of concern about Alsace during the operations in Lorraine. Two corps were removed from the Second Army and became a strategic reserve.Joffre met Sir John French on 16 August and learned that the British could be ready by 24 August, Joffre also arranged for Territorial divisions to cover the area from Maubeuge to Dunkirk. The German siege of the Liège forts ended on 16 August and the 1st and 2nd armies with twelve corps and the 3rd Army with four corps, began to advance behind cavalry screens. On 18 August, Joffre ordered the Fifth Army to prepare for a German offensive on both banks of the Meuse or to meet a small force on the north bank. The Fifth Army began to move towards Namur, in the angle of the Meuse and Sambre rivers on 19 August, which required a march of 100 kilometres (62 mi) by some units.
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By 26 August, the French had captured 9,500 prisoners, thirty guns, 100 trench mortars and 242 machine-guns. After the success of the attack in August, Guillaumat was ordered to plan an operation to capture several trenches and a more ambitious offensive to take the last ground from which German artillery-observers could see Verdun. Pétain questioned Guillaumat and Fayolle, who argued that the French could not remain in their present positions and must either advance or retire, advocating a limited advance to make German counter-attacks harder, improve conditions in the front line and deceive the Germans about French intentions. The two Corps on the east bank made small attacks, XV Corps on 7 September which failed and XXXII Corps the next day which was a costly success.
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The high ground from Mont Cornillet to the west, ran north-east to the height of Mont Blond, on to Mont Haut and then descended by Le Casque to Le Téton. Just in front of Mont Haut was Mont Perthois, at about the same height as Mont Cornillet. An attack from the south on Mont Blond and Mont Haut, could be subjected to enfilade fire by the Germans on Mont Cornillet and Mont Perthois. Mont Sans Nom lay about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the south-east of Le Téton, at the same height as Mont Blond, with Côte 181 at the south end. The two defensive lines built before the Herbstschlacht (Second Battle of Champagne, September – November 1915), had been increased to four and in places to five lines, which enclosed defensive zones by early 1917. The number of communication trenches in the defensive zones had been increased, trenches and dug-outs deepened and huge amounts of concrete used, to reinforce the fortifications against French artillery-fire. Two tunnels, capable of accommodating several battalions of infantry, had been dug under the north slope of Mont Cornillet and the north-east side of Mont Perthois. The Cornillet Tunnel had three galleries, with light railways along two of the galleries, a transverse connecting tunnel and air shafts up to the top of the hill.
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In the early 1800s, explorers in north america came back from the west with stories about a strange land with boiling mud, streaming lakes, and trees made of stones. The stories seemed incredible but they were true. The explorers had discovered Yellowstone. In 1892, it became America's and the world's first National Park. Today, more than two million people visit Yellowstone National Park every year. One of the most popular sights is it's famous geyser called Old Faithful, which erupts every 90 minutes, day and night. The park has more than 300other geysers more than 60% of all the geysers in the world.
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Following the German Navy's successful raid on the Scandinavian convoy on 17 October 1917, Admiral Sir David Beatty, Commander-in-Chief of the British Grand Fleet, was determined to retaliate. On 17 November 1917 a strong force of cruisers under Vice Admiral Trevylyan Napier was sent to attack German minesweepers, which were clearing a channel through British minefields in the Heligoland Bight. The intentions of the German force had been revealed by British Naval Intelligence, allowing the British to mount an ambush. The German sweepers were escorted by a group of cruisers and torpedo-boats under Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter.The action began at 7.30 a.m., roughly 65 nautical miles west of Sylt, when HMS Courageous sighted the enemy. She opened fire at 7:37 a.m. Admiral Reuter, the German commander, with four light cruisers and eight destroyers, advanced to engage the Royal Navy units in order to cover the withdrawal of his minesweepers, all of which escaped except for the trawler Kehdingen,(GE) which was sunk. The battle thereafter developed into a stern chase as the German forces, skilfully using smoke-screens, withdrew south-east at their best speed, under fire from the pursuing British ships of the 1st Cruiser Squadron, the 1st and 6th Light Cruiser Squadrons, and, later, HMS Repulse (which had been detached from the 1st Battle Cruiser Squadron and came up at high speed to join the battle). Both sides were hampered in their maneuvers by the presence of naval minefields. The British ships gave up the chase some two hours later, as they reached the edge of known minefields. At about the same time, the light cruisers came under fire from two German Kaiser-class battleships, SMS Kaiser and SMS Kaiserin which had come up in support of Reuter's ships; HMS Caledon was struck by one 30.5 cm (12.0 in) shell which did minimal damage; shortly thereafter, the British forces withdrew. All personnel on the bridge of the light cruiser HMS Calypso, including her captain, Herbert Edwards, were killed by a 15 cm (5.9 in) shell. The battle cruiser HMS Repulse, briefly engaged the German ships at about 10:00, scoring a single hit on the light cruiser SMS Königsberg that ignited a major fire on board. It was during this battle that Able Seaman John Henry Carless of HMS Caledon won a posthumous Victoria Cross for his bravery in manning a gun despite mortal wounds.
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In the early afternoon a German counter-attack at the junction of the Entente armies on the Steenbeek was repulsed. The position gained by the French was not easily defensible, consisting of craters half-full of water, which dissolved into rivulets when connected. Contact with the rear was difficult to maintain over the moonscape of shell-holes, many of them wide and of great depth but the French infantry had been issued supplies for four days to minimise the difficulty. The German 2nd Guard Reserve Division advanced through Houthoulst Forest towards the junction of the Fifth and French First armies but the attack bogged down in deep mud. A prisoner said that in his company of about 150 men, barely fifty reached attacking distance and most of those took cover in shell-holes. The first four days of August were exceptionally rainy, which added to the difficulty of maintaining troops in the ground captured on 31 July. On 4 August despite the mud, the First Army advanced east of Kortekeer Kabaret and took two farms west of the road from Woumen to Steenstraat. On 26 July 37 British fighters engaged fifty Albatros scouts near Polygon Wood. During the mêlée, four German reconnaissance aircraft were able to slip over the line and reconnoitre. Next evening eight British aircraft over Menin lured about twenty Albatros scouts to Polygon Wood, where 59 British fighters were waiting. Allied and German aircraft in the vicinity joined in the dogfight and after an hour the surviving German aircraft withdrew. The British decoys shot down six German aircraft and the ambushers another three while the British lost two aircraft. On 27 July a British reconnaissance aircraft detected an apparent German tactical withdrawal, which enabled XIV Corps to occupy 3,000 yards (2,700 m) of the German front line. Next day the fine weather allowed the British to conduct a large amount of air observation for counter-battery fire and to detect numerous German batteries which had been moved. By 31 July, the Allied air concentration from the Lys River to the sea consisted of 840 aircraft, 330 being fighter aircraft.
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和訳をお願いします。 Shishmaref is located on a tiny island in the Bering sea. To the east you can see the mainland of Alaska. I arrived in season when there in on night - the time of the midnight sun. I often watched the sun start to set and then rise again. The village had only about two hundred people, and I probably met them all in my first two or three days. The young people spoke English, but the older people used Eskimo all the time. I tried to learn a little of the Eskimo language every day, dut it was very difficult. The first thing I learned to say was, " I'm hungry." Their life was very simple and natural. As you may know, Alaska has many wild animals which the Eskimos hunt. These provide them with meat, oil, and skins for clothing. One day when we went hunting, I saw my first grizzly bear. It was majestic. This was the most vivid experience of my first stay in Shishmaref.
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