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英文標準問題精講より(p.222)

The civilized man is distinguished from the savage mainly by prudence, or, to use a slightly wider term, forethought. He is willing to endure present pains for the sake of future pleasures, even if the future pleasures are rather distant. This habit began to be important with the rise of agriculture; no animal and no savage would work in the spring in order to have food next winter, except for a few purely instinctive forms of action, such as bees making honey or squirrels burying nuts. In these cases, there is no forethought; there is a direct impulse to an act which, to the human spectator, is obviously going to prove useful later on. (質問1)to the human spectatorはどういう意味か。 解答には「人間の目には」と書いてあるが、なぜそういうふうになるのかが分かりません。意訳でしょうか?それとも辞書(ジーニアスなど)を使って理解できるものなのでしょうか?さらに、これを別の英語で言い換えるとどうなるでしょうか? (質問2)"when a man does something towards which no impulse urges him," を別の英語で言い換えると以下の通りでよろしいでしょうか。 "when a man does NOT do ANYthing towards which impulse urges him," もし駄目な場合は代案を教えていただけると幸いです。 誠にお手数ですが宜しくお願い致します。尚、高校生にも分かるレベル(私は高校生ではありません)での説明でお願いします。

  • 英語
  • 回答数2
  • ありがとう数0

質問者が選んだベストアンサー

  • ベストアンサー
  • amip
  • ベストアンサー率53% (69/129)
回答No.2

回答1 まず、to the human spectator、は副詞句として挿入されています。この作者は<to--->の挿入がくせのようですね。 the human spectator は名詞句ですので、これを節的に訳せばこなれた日本語になります。 まず、humanは形容詞、spectatorは名詞ですよね。直訳は「人間の目撃者」です。これでは、意味が分かりません。 ここで、(これを意訳と呼ぶかどうかは怪しいですが)こういった名詞構文を訳すときのセオリーみたいなものがあるわけです。 それは「形容詞を主語に、名詞を動詞に」というものです。(これは全てに当てはまるのではなく、形容詞が所有格的、名詞が動詞派生のものに限りますが) つまり、<to the human spectator> ⇒ <to the thing which human spectate> (spectator < spectate=見る) という変換ができるという事です。これを和訳すると「人が見るということによると」=「人が見るならば」=「人の目には」という訳が出来上がります。もちろん「人が見るならば」でも正解です。 別の英語で言い換えるならば < from our point of view>とかでしょうか 回答2 when a man does something towards which no impulse urges him 「人が衝動ではないものによって駆り立てられた何かをする時に」 when a man does not do anything towards which impulse urges him 「人は衝動に駆り立てられた何かをしない時に」 これは微妙にニュアンスが違うのがお分かりでしょうか? この質問の該当箇所が本文には見当たらないので、どういった問題か分かりませんが、この文章の概念として「文明人=prudence/forethought vs 野蛮人・動物=instinctive/impulse」という二項対立の文章になっています。 ですのでimpulseの対立概念としてprudence/forethoughtが使われている以上、単なる否定語句を使うよりもこういった対立概念の語句を使ったほうがいいのではないでしょうか。 つまり<when a man does something towards which forethought urges him> のような具合にです。

その他の回答 (1)

  • taichi99
  • ベストアンサー率37% (9/24)
回答No.1

こんにちは あまり自信がないのですが、 (質問1) beesやsquirrelsをactor、それを傍から見ている人間をspectatorと例えているのではないでしょうか。 別の英語で言い換えると、例えば "from human's viewpoint" など「人間から見れば」の意味の英文でいかがでしょうか。 (質問2) 書かれた英文では意味が変わってしまうと思います。 "when a man does something towards which any impulse can't urge him" などいかがでしょうか。

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