電気モーターの発明と電力の応用
- 19世紀には、様々な人々が電気を利用したボートや車両の推進を試みていました。
- パトリック・ペインは電気モーターに関する特許を取得しましたが、彼の詐欺が明るみに出ると、他の人々も次々に出現しました。
- 一方、ヴェルナー・ジーメンスは電力の応用に成功し、1879年のベルリン産業博覧会で電気鉄道の実験を披露しました。
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An illustration of the Paine electric motor taken from his patents, Nos.103,228and 103,230, maybe seen in the Scientific American of June,1871. Patents, of course, seem necessary when such schemes are foisted on the pubric,for they tend to boost the credulity of the victim. Paine was soon exposed, but many others bobbed up with wild-cat notions.The musty newspapers and jornals of those days reveal how suprisingly many were working on this alluring problem,all trying to use electricity for propelling boats and carriages, as well as for all other possible purposes. At this same time Dr.Werner Siemens,the veteran electrician of the pioneer firm of Siemens and Halske,of Berlin,Germany,made the first successful experiment in electrin traction.Visitors at the Industrial Exhibition that was opened at Berlin in 1879 were treated to an amazing exhibit--the Siemens electric railway running on a closed oval track athousand feet long and carrying about eighteen passengers and the driver.
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彼の特許番号103228と103230から抜粋された、パイネの電気モーターの構成図は1871年6月のサイエンテイフィック・アメリカンで見ることができるだろう。言うまでもなく、特許は、こうした陰謀を、本当のものとして一般人に思わせる時に、騙しの対象者のすぐ真に受ける傾向を後押しするためには必要であろう。パイネはまもなく（秘密を）曝露されたが、多くのほかの人間が無謀な思いつきと共にひょっこり現れた。当時のカビ臭い新聞や雑誌が、どうやって驚くほど多くの人間がこの、人の心を誘惑させる問題にかかわっていたか、全員が他の実現可能な目的の為同様、ボートや乗り物を前進させるために電気を使おうとしていたのかをあきらかにしている。 同時期に、ドイツ、ベルリンにあるジーメンス・ウント・ハルスケ（※1）の先進的合資会社のベテラン電気技師であるヴェルナー・ジーメンス博士がはじめて、電気での牽引で成功実験を行った。1879年、ベルリンで開幕した商業博覧会を訪れた人々は驚くべき展示でもてなされた--ジーメンスの電気鉄道車（※2）が1000フィートの楕円形の専用線路の上を走り、約18人の乗客と運転手を運んだのだ。 ※1：Siemens and Halske のちにシーメンスの一部門となる、電気技術会社。尚、当時はドイツ語読みで最初のSが「ジ」と濁っていたのでその通りに訳しました。現在は「シーメンス」とドイツでも英語読みになってます。 ※2：the Siemens electric railway 実際に走ったのは、電気機関車でした。
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- Nakay702
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ペインの特許番号103,228および103,230から採られた電動機の図解が、恐らく1871年6月の「アメリカ科学誌」で見られるだろう。そのような機構（の発案）が公衆の手になる作だとごまかされるような場合は、もちろん特許が必要になるものと思われます。というのは、彼ら公衆は犠牲者（発案者）のだまされ易さを煽ってつけ込む傾向があるからです。 ペインはすぐに知られるところとなりましたが、他の多くの者が、山猫のような（無謀な）考えを抱いてひょいひょいと現われました。かび臭い当時の新聞やジャーナルが、いかに驚くほど多数の人がこの魅惑的な問題に関わっていたかを明らかにしています。誰も彼もこぞって船や列車の推進力のために、あるいは同様に他のあらゆる可能な目的に、電気利用の試行錯誤をしていました。 この同じ時期に、ドイツ・ベルリンのシーメンスとハルスケという先駆的企業のベテラン電気技術者ヴェルナー・シーメンス博士が、電気牽引車の最初の実験を成功させました。1879年、ベルリンで開かれた「産業博覧会」の見物客は、驚くべき展示品の -- 約18人の乗客と運転士を乗せて、千フィートもの長さの閉じた楕円形の軌道上を走るシーメンスの電気鉄道のもてなしを受けたのでした。
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