Discoverers of Brain's GPS: Nobel Prize Winners
- Learn how our brains know where we are
- Discover the inner GPS system of the brain
- The winners of the Nobel Prize in Physiology of Medicine identified the brain cells that function as our GPS
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英文でわからないところがあります。
TIME誌の記事からの質問です。 Nobel Prize Discoverers of "brain's GPS" How do our brains know whether we're in an office or lounging on a beach? We have the winners of this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology of Medicine to thank for identifying the brain cells that function as our inner GPS system. John O'keefe, May-Britt Moser and Edvard Moser received the award on Oct.6 for discovering that the brain works like a satellite, pinpointing the cells that beam signals for triangulating our location. In 1971, O'Keefe identified "place" cells in the hippocampus of rats that were active when the animals moved to specific locations. Those nerves oriented the brain in space--the cage, for example, or in humans' cases, our homes. The Mosers, a husband-and-wife team, found another group of nerve cells that pool such place information into coordinates that map precise locations--the left corner of the cage or the sofa in the living room. It takes these cells working together to allow us to know where we are. 最後の It takes these cells working together to allow us to know where we are.の英文なのですが、 「私たちがどこにいるのか知ることを私たちに可能にすることは、協力するこれらの細胞を必要とする」、と訳すのでしょうか？ ここは強調構文ですか？ these cells は another group of nerve cells を指しているのですか？ takeの訳し方がよくわからないのですが、「必要とする」で良いのでしょうか？ 教えてください。 よろしくお願いいたします。
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It takes these cells working together to allow us to know where we are. Itは、仮主語とかいうやつでしょう。 で、実質的な主語はto allow us to know where we are 「我々が自分の所在を知るのを可能にすること」 takesは、「必要である」の意味。 these cells working togetherは、「これらの細胞が協力すること」 these cellsは、O'keefeが発見した"place" cellと、Moser夫妻が発見したanother group of nerve cellsの両方を指していると思います。 全部まとめると、 「我々が自分の所在を知るのを可能にするためには、これらの細胞が協力して機能することが必要です」のような訳になります。
その他の回答 (4)
- Nebusoku3
- ベストアンサー率38% (1442/3776)
No1です。 質問者さんとNo2の回答者さんの内容でOKです。 It は 「私たちがどこにいるのか知ることを私たちに可能にすること」 の方です。 失礼しました。
お礼
わかりました。ありがとうございます！
- litsa1234
- ベストアンサー率28% (230/795)
>takeの訳し方がよくわからないのですが、「必要とする」で良いのでしょうか？ そうですね。 「30 [transitive, no passive] to need or require something in order to happen or be done 」（http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/american_english/take_1を参照のこと） >these cells は another group of nerve cells を指しているのですか？ 「 "place" cells in the hippocampus of rats that were active when the animals moved to specific locations」と「another group of nerve cells that pool such place information into coordinates that map precise locations」ですね。 >最後の It takes these cells working together to allow us to know where we are.の英文なのですが、 「我々が自分のいる場所を知ることが出来るにはこれらの細胞が相互に機能することが必要です。」 以上、参考になれば幸いです。
お礼
takeについてリンクして頂いたサイト、例文がわかりやすかったです！訳と一緒にありがとうございます！
- wind-sky-wind
- ベストアンサー率63% (6647/10387)
高校で必ず習う構文が It takes （人）＋時間 to 原形. という構造です。 （人）の部分は「人に（とって）」で、あることもありますが、ないこともあります。 基本レベルでは「（人にとって）時間がかかる」のように訳すように習います。 これは日本語で「時間がかかる」とすると自然な訳になるだけで、 英語としては「必要とする」という意味合いです。 実際、英英辞典には need の意味で出ています。 「かかる」で貫くなら「時間がかかる」→「時間をかからせる」とはなりますが。 そして、「時間」の部分は「労力」とか「条件」になることもあります。 It takes two to make a quarrel.「喧嘩するには２人が必要、喧嘩両成敗」でおなじみです。 it は形式主語とも、時間の it とも言えないような中途半端な it です。 普通には形式主語と教えるのでしょうが、to 以下を訳的には「～するためには」と訳す方がぴったりです。 to 以下を「～すること」は、と訳しても「必要とする」につながりますが、 Three days took me to finish the work. のように、時間の方が主語になって、to は「～するために」としか訳せないこともあります。 時間の it と説明する人はこの表現をもとにしています。 日本の英語教育は批判されることも多いですが、こういう表現をしっかりと教えてくれます。 それを素通りして適当に読むことは避けたいものです。
お礼
「It takes （人）＋時間 to 原形」構文について詳しいご解説と、英文を読む心得について回答して頂いてありがとうございます！
- Nebusoku3
- ベストアンサー率38% (1442/3776)
１）最後の It takes these cells working together to allow us to know where we are.の英文なのですが、「私たちがどこにいるのか知ることを私たちに可能にすることは、協力するこれらの細胞を必要とする」、と訳すのでしょうか？ It takes の It は下の文で出てくる "another group of nerve cells" のことですね。 another group of nerve cells that pool such place information into coordinates that map precise locations--the left corner of the cage or the sofa in the living room. 訳： 「それ（もう一つの細胞グループ）はこれらの細胞（場所情報細胞 と 地図的にコーディネートする細胞）を共に働かせて私たちに自分たちが何処にいるか知ることを可能にします。」 ２）ここは強調構文ですか？ these cells は another group of nerve cells を指しているのですか？ takeの訳し方がよくわからないのですが、「必要とする」で良いのでしょうか？ these cells は another group of nerve cells と "place" cells とを指していると思います。 又、この take は使役で make などど同じような用途で ”やらせる” ”トリガーとなっている” の様な意味になると思います。
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大変丁寧に回答して頂いてありがとうございます！
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