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Although the estimated birth month of most of the glass eels ranged widely from May to December (peak in late August). that of glass eels collected along the Kuroshio (Tanegashima, Kagoshima, Kochi, Wakayama, Shizuoka and Chiba) was relatively limited to being in summer from May to August. Our estimation of birth month for glass eels recruited in early summer to the Sagami River estuary revealed extraordinary late hatching dates ranging from October to January for the 2009-group and November to December for the 2010-group (Table 3). It is possible that the Japanese eels that hatched in the late season occasionally migrated to the Sagami River unexpectedly late during the early summer, but this study is the first to report a glass eel hatched in January from the Japanese Pacific coast along the Kuroshio (Fig. I). Our preliminary otolith examination provides an interesting exception from previous information on the spawning season of the Japanese eel. お時間ございましたら回答いただけると助かります
- fuwafuwaginkou
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- drmuraberg
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殆どのシラスウナギの見積り誕生（孵化）月は五月から十二月（ピークは八月末）と広範に渡るが、 黒潮に沿って（種子島、鹿児島、公知、和歌山、静岡そして千葉）捕獲されたシラスウナギの それは五月から八月の夏に比較的限定されている。初夏に相模川河口に接岸したシラスウナギに 付いての我々の誕生月見積りは、2009年グループに付いては十月から一月の、そして2010年 グループに付いては十一月から十二月に渡る、極端に遅い孵化日付を明らかにしている。 遅い季節に孵化した日本鰻が相模川に、初夏の間に予想もしないくらい遅れて、偶然にも回遊して 来る事は可能である、しかしこの研究は黒潮に沿って日本の太平洋岸から一月に孵化したシラス ウナギに付いての初めての報告である（図１）。我々の予備的な耳石検査は日本鰻の産卵期に関する 以前の情報からの興味ある例外を提供している。 hatched in January from the Japanese Pacific coast along the Kuroshio の構文は妙？ あ～ウナギ、されどウナギですか。 完全養殖が可能になるよう！ アーメン！（そうであります様！だそうです。）
- oignies
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glass eelsの誕生月について前半は説明しているのでその部分は訳さず、どこそこで捕獲されたものの誕生月は・・・どこそこのは・・・と簡潔にメモを取って理解していくのがいいとおもいます。後半にさしかかる部分でhatchという単語がでてくるのでこの意味だけとりそこなわないようにして、後半も同様に意味をとったらいいとおもいます。
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Hatching dates of the glass eels recruited in early summer The age estimation of the glass eels recruited in June 2010 and 2011 revealed that they were born between October and January (Table 3). Accordingly, it is reasonably to suppose that they hatched during the winter and migrated to the Sagami River in early summer. Han I8] re-anulyzed infomiation on the spawning season of A. japonica estimated from otolith increments of glass eels collected over the entire species range. お時間ございましたら回答いただけると助かります
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Fukuda et al. [34] showed that the pigmentation of glass eels of the Japanese eel in captivity developed progressively with the duration of rearing in a temperature range of 10~30 °C. This observation suggests that the glass eels at early pigmentation stages found in our study had arrived at the Sagami River estuary not so long before they were collected. Thus. our data clearly show that a quite unusual glass eel recruitment pattern occurred, with the peak in early summer (May and June). at least in the 2009 and 20I0 seasons at the Sagami River estuary. Due to current fishing regulations and the lack of monitoring of glass eel recruitment, it is not known whether a seasonal change in glass eel recruitment has occurred throughout Japan or over a much wider region of their species range in East Asia. Even if this unusual recruitment of glass eels just occurs locally at the Sagami River estuary, it provides information that can be used in determining locally administrated fishing regulations and designing conservation programs for yellow eel stocks (growth phase) fragmentally inhabiting freshwater systems.The monitoring of glass eel recruitment by the Eel River Project is expected to expand to the entire species range of this species. ちなみに、recruitmentは接岸、glass eelはシラスウナギです
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The eel is truly an mysterious fish. As is well known, young eels return from the sea to grow big in rivers. What no one knows is where they are born or from where they travel to Japan. They seem to come from the deep sea teaches around the Philippines, but this is not known for certain. Thus, we can't catch a lot of young eels, and there is also a natural limit on our ability to farm eels. We have finally learned how to make mature eels lay eggs, but as we do not know what young eels eat, we cannot raise them from birth. In other words, eels cannot be farmed from birth through to maturity. Today, there's some disagreement between eel chefs and sushi chefs. At eel restaurants, they will serve a strip of white meat about 5 cm long and call it baby eel. Sushi restaurants, on the other hand, deny that it is eel;they say it is baby conger or sea snake. It is hard to imagine it is baby eel, because baby eel is hard to come by in quantity. Anyway, no matter who is right, baby eels are a mystery to eel lovers. What is also strange is that although Japanese waters should be a fine breeding ground for eels, young eels are hardly ever found. On the other hand, there are countries such as Spain which have an abundance of young eels. A favorite Spanish dish is to take heaps of European baby eels seasoned with olive oil and garlic, and then cook them in clay pots. There are probably more baby eels on each plate than a Japanese will eat in a lifetime. Another strange thing is that, half a world away from Spain in Venezuela, baby eels are eaten the same way. It helps to know that Venezuela is by far the wealthiest nation in the region, and frozen baby eels are flown in from Spain. Of course, Venezuela was originally conquered by Spain in the Age of Discovery, and the privileged classes of Spanish ancestry still uphold a "Spanish diet." Europeans enjoy eating not only baby eels, but eels in many ways. The north German city of Hamburg is known for its varied gourmet cuisine, and its eel soup with fruit is very unusual. Smoked eel is commonly eaten in Europe in soup or sauteed. And remember, it's bad manners to slurp your eel soup. There is a poem in Manyoshu that goes:"Won't you have some eel? It keeps you strong in summer." The benefits of eating eel to prevent exhaustion in summer were well known in those times, which indicates just how ancient our history of eel-eating is. The Japanese have always had great faith in the benefits of eating dark-col-healthy. That is why catfish was popular. Among the varieties of dark meat, eel is especially delicious. In the Edo Period, eels that came up from Tokyo Bay into the Fuka and Kanda Rivers were considered the finest, while those found elsewhere were considered less flavorful. It's hard to imagine that the flavor of the former would be different from eel caught locally. Anyway, oddly enough, there are two big misunderstandings about eel among Japanese people. The first is that eel is a specialty of Japan. When you understand how highly valued eel is in Europe, you might eat it more often. The second is that some people hate eel, associating its shape with snakes, even though they have never tried it. If they could get rid of that senseless association, many more people would try eel.
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Our findings, however showed a considerable recruitment peak in the early summer for two consecutive year classes (2009 and 2010 )-June for the 2009-group (55 % of total amount of glass eels found on the season ) and May and June for the 2010-group (75 %)- with most individuals being in less developed pigmentation stage. わかる方いらっしゃいましたらお願いします!!
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和訳お願いします (1)When people travel to other countries, they find that many things are different from the things in their own country. (2)It can be very hot in summer and very cold and snowy in winter. (3)People who come from hot countries often find that it is too cold for them in December, January, ane February. (4)It is sometimes difficult to talk to them on the street because they are always very busy and don't have much time.
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簡単なabstractを書いています。 「2015年1月から2016年12月までの間」という日本語です。 1) Since January 2015 to December 2016, 2) From January 2015 to December 2016, 3) Between January 2015 and December 2016, どなたかアドバイスを！
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the second shock was an economic shock and the direct result of a combination of american economic problem: a growing trade imbalance with japan and a dollar that had become too highly valued in the rest of the world. a package of economic policies was announced by president nixon in august that led to an immediate 10% reduction in the value of the dollar (which meant that japanese goods would be more expensive in the u.s) and a temporary 10% tax on imports. the shift in the japanese-american relationship was not only caused by the increased power of japan; america's dominant position in the world was also undergoing serious changes. the watergate scandals and the loss of the war in vietnam combined to cause the american people to lose faith in themselves and to question america's role as the leader of the western bloc. the oil crisis of 1973 added to this malaise by decreasing america's economic ability to support its overseas defense commitments. many congressmen questioned why the u.s was spending money to defend japan when it was increasingly obvious that increased japanese economic strength was one cause for the economic recession in the u.s. 長いですがよろしくお願いします！
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By the beginning of 1917, the strategic outlook for the Germans made a retirement inevitable. German divisions on the Western Front numbered 133 on 25 January 1917, reducing the German manpower shortage but not by enough to contemplate an offensive. Greater output of explosives, ammunition and weapons by German industry to provide the means to counter the Allied Materialschlacht (battle of equipment) was attempted in the Hindenburg Programme of August 1916. Production did not sufficiently increased over the winter, with only 60 percent of the programme expected to be fulfilled by the summer of 1917. The German Friedensangebot (peace initiative) of December 1916, had been rejected by the Entente and the Auxiliary Service Law of December 1916, intended to further mobilise the civilian economy, had failed to supply the expected additional labour for war production.
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The fighting at Verdun was less costly to both sides than the war of movement in 1914, which cost the French c. 850,000 and the Germans c. 670,000 men from August to December. The 5th Army had a lower rate of loss than armies on the Eastern Front in 1915 and the French had a lower average rate of loss at Verdun than the rate over three weeks during the Second Battle of Champagne (September–October 1915), which were not fought as battles of attrition. German loss rates increased relative to French rates, from 2.2:1 in early 1915 to close to 1:1 by the end of the Battle of Verdun and rough parity continued during the Nivelle Offensive in 1917. The main cost of attrition tactics was indecision, because limited-objective attacks under an umbrella of massed heavy artillery-fire, could succeed but created unlimited duration.
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