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Understanding Tropical Cyclones

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回答No.2

1。  私たちはそれらをフィリンガまたはカトリーナのような甘い響きの名前で呼ぶが、それらは、風速100キロメートル毎時以上で幅2~2,000キロメーターまで回転する巨大な嵐だ。 2。  天気のプロまたは気象学者はそれらを熱帯低気圧として知っている、しかしそれらはカリブ海では、ハリケーン、太平洋では、台風、インド洋ではサイクロンと呼ばれている。 3。  それら(=熱帯性低気圧)は、南半球でも北半球でも発生する。 4。  大きなものは都市を破壊して、何十万人もの死者を出した。 5。  地球の赤道のわずか北、あるいは南で、水温が摂氏27度(華氏80度)以上の場合、熱帯低気圧が発生する事が分かっている。 6。 飽和状態の水蒸気を含む高温多湿の空気が、上昇する。 7。  地球の回転によって、発達する嵐が(目と呼ばれる)中心のまわりを回転し始める。 8。  一定の高度に達すると水蒸気は凝結し、液体化し、放熱する。 9。  熱はさらに多くの空気と水蒸気を吸い上げ、空気と水蒸気が上がり、液体の水が落ちるという循環が起こる。 10。  その循環(速度)が毎時118キロメートルに達すると、嵐の資格ができる(=となる)。 11。  熱帯低気圧による死のほとんどは、暴風による高潮によって引き起こされる。 12。  これは、海面の隆起で、海面を圧迫している嵐のため、時として7メートル以上にもなる場合がある。 13。  2005年のニューオリンズ市の浸水は、暴風による高潮が原因であった。 14。  2008年、ミャンマーの Cyclone Nargis の暴風による高潮は、約40キロメートルの内陸まで海水をほぼ4メートルの深さにまで押し下げ、その結果、多くの死者が出た。

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