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次の文章で分からないところがあります。
今、"I am Adam Lanza's mother." という文章を読んでいます。 これは、昨年１２月１４日にコネティカット州で起こった銃乱射事件の直後に、 精神病の息子を持つ母親がネット誌に載せた文章です。 その息子は、逆上すると、ナイフを持ち出し、母親を脅迫する、という事が 書かれた後の文章で、分からないところがあります。 We still don’t know what’s wrong with Michael. Autism spectrum, ADHD, Oppositional Defiant or Intermittent Explosive Disorder have all been tossed around at various meetings with probation officers and social workers and counselors and teachers and school administrators. He’s been on a slew of antipsychotic and mood altering pharmaceuticals, a Russian novel of behavioral plans. Nothing seems to work. この中で、最後の方の、 He’s been on a slew of antipsychotic and mood altering pharmaceuticals, a Russian novel of behavioral plans. という文章で、分からないところが２つあります。 (1) 文章の構造： a slew of antipsychotic and mood altering pharmaceuticals, a Russian novel of behavioral plans とありますが、普通、名詞を３つ以上、列挙する時、"A, B and C"となります。 だから、はじめ、"a slew of antipsychotic and mood altering pharmaceutics" と "a Russian novel of behavioral plans" が連結されているのかなと思ったのですが、なんだか腑に落ちません。 (2) a Russian novel of behavioral plans： この意味が分かりません。直訳すると「行動計画についてのロシアの小説」となりますが、意味不明です。さらに、"novel" を「新しい」という意味の形容詞で、直後に "medicine" が省略されているのかなとも考えたのですが、いまいち納得いきません。 どなたか、解説をお願いいたします。ちなみに、上の文章は次のように訳しました。 「私たちは、未だに、マイケルの病気が何なのか分かっていません。自閉症、ＡＤＨＤ、反抗的行為障害、間欠性爆発性障害、こういった病気はすべて、保護監察官、社会福祉士、カウンセラー、教師たち、そして学校経営者との面会で検討されました。息子は、ずっと、大量の抗精神病薬と精神安定剤、ロシアの行動障害の新薬を服用していますが、どれも効き目がありません。」 （"behavioral plan" は、「行動療法」と訳しました。） ちなみに、全文は次のＵＲＬに載っています。 http://thebluereview.org/i-am-adam-lanzas-mother/
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He’s been on a slew of antipsychotic and mood altering pharmaceuticals, a Russian novel of behavioral plans. Nothing seems to work. He's been on a slew of A1 and A2 N1, = N２. Nothing seems to work すなわち、抗精神病（A1)および精神安定(A2)剤（N１)を多量、（＝同格）（まるで）行動様式に関するロシアの小説（N2）（のように）とったのです。がどれも効き目があるようには見えません。 「ロシア云々」は、下記のリサ•ロングの記事にあるようです。 http://www.redding.com/news/2012/dec/30/corrine-v-minnard-beware-the-quick-fix-for/
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- 次の英文を日本語の文章に訳して下さい。
The Battle of Manzikert or Battle of Malazgirt (Russian: Битва при Манцикерте Bytva pri Mantsikerte ;Turkish: Malazgirt Muharebesi) was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I, which took place over the period July 10–26, 1915. Even though losses were heavy on both sides, the Russians retreated north and the Turks retook Malazgirt then they further advanced towards Karakilise where they were defeated on 5–8 August at the Battle of Kara Killisse. At the beginning of May the Russians captured Tutak and on 17 May the town of Malazgirt was captured. On July 10, 1915, Russian General Oganovski launched an offensive to capture the hills just west of Malazgirt. He believed that the Turkish forces in the area were weak. However, the Turkish forces contained several divisions numbering upwards of 40,000 men. On July 16, the Ottoman Army counter-attacked under Abdul Kerim Pasha. They outnumbered the Russians by a factor of 3-1. Oganovski was forced to retreat back to Malazgirt, and in the process the Turks captured his baggage train. On July 20, the Turks retook Malazgirt and on 27 July also took Muş from the Russians. Due to the poor quality of the Russian communications, Yudenich, who was the Russian commander of the Caucasus front, did not learn that the Russian army was in retreat until July 22. The Russian army in Malazgirt was outnumbered 3-1 by the Ottoman army. Realizing that if the Ottomans attacked, his army would be destroyed, Yudenich ordered a retreat. The Russians retreated from Malazgirt, and the entire Van region as well. This left the city of Van open to an Ottoman attack, and the Ottomans captured the city on August 22. However, Malazgirt was re-captured by the Russians after the Ottomans were defeated at the Battle of Kara Killisse. Yudenich quickly regrouped his forces, fired Oganovski, and launched a counter-offensive. Russian casualties were reported to be about 10,000. Malazgirt was recaptured but Yudenich did not have a force large enough to exploit the situation further. The morale of the Turkish leadership was lifted by the victory at Malazgirt and Abdulkerim Pasha was encouraged by his success to follow the Russians. However, in the following battle of Karakilise in August the Turks were defeated and this in turn raised Russian morale. Manzikert マラズギルト
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- 次の文章の英訳について教えてください
私は英語が苦手で英訳に自信がないので、次の文章が意味の通じる文章かどうか教えていただけないでしょうか？よろしくお願いします。 (1)一つ教えてください（質問させてください） → Please tell me one thing. (2)AとBで性質が違うことについて、どのような原因が考えられますか？ → What can cause the difference of characters between A and B?
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- 次の文章の解説、お願いいたします。
いま、英語の短編小説を読んでいるのですが、分からない文章があるのです。 "Ruby was Sally’s age. They had gone through school together, but they had never been friends. In those days, Ruby had been an outrageous flirt, the first in their year to appear in eye-shadow and a smear of lipstick, and the leader in every other step towards maturity. The boys had fought battles in the playground over her and she had rewarded them with favours in the cycle shed that were whispered about with sly smiles and sniggers." この中の、最後の文章、 "she had rewarded them with favours in the cycle shed that were whispered about with sly smiles and sniggers." が、よく、分からないのです。 「ルビーは、勝者への褒美を、自転車小屋の中で、与えた。」 "in the cycle shed that were whispered about with sly smiles and sniggers" が、いまいち、分からないのです。 どなたか、ご解説をよろしくお願いいたします。
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- 次の文章で、分からないところがあります。
次の文章で、分からないところがあります。 With mass murders increasing in frequency, getting troubled people treatment is a national issue. Nevada and New York are among a few states that have some legal measures parents and relatives can take (with the recommendation of psychiatrists) so that people over the age of 18 get outpatient psychiatric care when warranted. の"when warranted" が、よく分かりません。 ちなみに、上の文章は、次のように訳してみました。 大量殺人が頻繁に発生するようになり、精神に問題を抱える人々への治療は、国の問題となっている。ネバダやニュー・ヨークといった数少ない州では、親や親戚が（精神科医の推薦状があれば）、保証人のいる１９歳以上の者に、精神科外来の治療を受けさせることができるよう、法制度を整えている。 "when warranted" は、「保証人がいる時」といった意味でよいのでしょうか。 教えてください。
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- 次の英文で質問です
This approach broadens and simplifies the fundamental paradigms according to which we view fiction. ここのaccording to は～に従って、でいいのでしょうか？なにか違うような気もするのですが。。 またここのwhichは目的格でしょうか？ Narratologists tend not to focus on the characteristics of narrative's dominant modern Western form, the "realistic novel": direct psychological characterization, realistic treatment of time, causal plotting, logical closure. Such a model of criticism, which takes as its oject "narrative" rather than the "novel," seems exactly appropriate to Cather's work. ここが何を言っているのかよくわかりませんでした。narratologistsは今普及している形式＝realistic novelにfocusしていないということですか？ (narrativeなのにrealistic novel??)そして次のtakes as はtakes "narrative" rather than the "novel" as its objectの入れ替えでいいのですよね？ Cather's themes...could readily fail to find the structure and substance that might have given them life or redeemed them from the tenuity of a sketch. これはどういう訳すと意味でしょうか？findは～とわかる、でいいのでしょうか？ These critics and others like them treat as failures some of the central features of Cather's impressionistic technique: unusual treatment of narrative time, unexpected focus, ambiguous conclusions, a preference for the bold, simple, and stylized in caracter as well as in landscape. treat asとありますがこれも長いために入れ替わっている、ということですよね？
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- 英語の文章を訳して下さい。
The Battle of Koprukoy was part of the Caucasus Campaign during World War I between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, and occurred as the Russians were advancing to Erzurum. The Russians achieved total surprise and broke through the Ottoman defenses, sending the Third Army retreating towards Erzurum. The Third Army was well positioned. There were two lines of defenses, carefully positioned to take advantage of the terrain, with wire obstacles to impede the attackers covered by machine guns backed up by artillery. The weakness of the position was a lack of reserves to deal with a break-through by the Russian Army.
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Among topics we discussed over lunch was the regrettable habit film directors then had 【of 】altering the plot of a novel to suit themselves, to the extent even 【of 】changing a sad ending into a happy one. 全訳は理解しています。 ２箇所の【 of 】ですが、それぞれ、 the regrettable habitにつながる 同格のof、 ととらえればいいでしょうか？ よろしくお願いします。
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- 次の英文の訳をお願いします
Isabella Rodriguez will soon be promoted to the position of senior vice president for Research and Development. She has been a dedicated member of this company for thirteen years, and I am confident that she will continue to help make Smithsonian Pharmaceutical the number one brand in child medicine. Ms.Rom has worked for the past five years as scince team manager. She has increased the efficiency of that department by 35% ,enabling us to produce a steady flow of innovative medicines. As the head of R&D ,she plans to perform a thorough analysis of all the departments operations and make chenges to insure that no resources are wasted. Please join me and the rest of the administrative staff at 2:00 today in the cafeteria to celebrate the promotion of Ms,Rom.
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By June 13, Russian units were back to their starting line. On June 19, the Russians launched another offensive. This time northwest to Lake Van. The Russians, under Oganovski, launched an offense into the hills west of Manzikert. The Russians underestimated the size of the Ottoman arm, and were surprised by a large Turkish force at the counterattack. Russian forces began to march from Manzikert towards Mush. However, they were not aware of the fact that the Turkish IX Corps, together with the 17th and 28th Divisions was moving to Mush as well. Although the conditions were extremely difficult, the Turks were executing a very efficient operation of reorganization. 1st and 5th Expeditionary Forces were positioned to the south of the Russian offensive force and a “Right Wing Group” was established under the command of Brigadier General Abdülkerim Paşa. This group was independent from the Third Army and Abdülkerim Paşa was directly reporting to Enver Paşa. The Turks were ready to face the Russian attacks.
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TOEIC対策としてアメリカ人から頂いた文章で意味がわからないところがあります。 以下の文章の最後の一文なのですが意味がわかりません。 わかるところは the company’s decision to cut its workforce 「その会社が人員削減を決定したこと」 it has over 70,000 workers throughout the country. 「国内に7万人以上従業員がいること」 です。 these plans won't effectのところと even thoughの論理が不明です。 どうぞよろしくお願いします。 XYZ Co., is expected to close many of their factories and eliminate thousands of jobs in order to cope with their recent losses. XYZ also plans to improve their current line of products and is in merger talks with its rival, AbcCorp. But these plans will not effect the company’s decision to cut its workforce, even though it has over 70,000 workers throughout the country.
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早々に、ご回答ありがとうございます。 「（まるで）行動様式に関するロシアの小説（のように）とった」という意味なのですか。 私も、,Russian novel of behavioral plans" は、前述の薬と同格なのかなとも 考えたのですが、「多量の抗精神病薬と精神安定剤、すなわちロシアの行動計画の小説を 服用し続けている。」というような意味しか思い浮かばず、『同格』という考えは、捨てました。 でも、詳述して下さったように、「小説のように」と考えれば、納得です。 ありがとうございました。