Reality Bytes. Construction, mediation and crafting of the self through the consumption of videogames
- 本論文では、「機械」、社会、そして文化の接合について論じた。
- 特に「機械」を利用している消費者志向の文化がいかにしてその「自己」を理解かつ解釈するために使用されているかということに焦点を当てた。
- 西洋中心主義的な二元論によって定義された「自己」は、新しいテクノロジーが我々の「自己」をどう見るかに関して再定義するようになるにつれて、ますます余分なものになってきている。
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論文の要旨を日本語に。
大学に提出する資料です。日本語として正しいですか？ Reality Bytes. Construction, mediation and crafting of the self through the consumption of videogames Reality Bytes？ テレビゲームの消費を通じた自己創造、仲裁、及びcrafting?? I don’t know how to translate. This thesis dealt with the theme of bonds that have developed between ‘machines’, society and culture. The main focus of the argument running through this thesis was how consumer orientated cultures with access to these machines have used them to understand and interpret the self. It furthermore went on the highlight the cultural, symbolic and semiotic relationships between computer games and our relations with them. The self as defined by the Eurocentric notion of dualism is as I argued becoming increasingly redundant as new technologies redefine how we see our ‘selves’. 本論文では、「機械」、社会、そして文化の接合について論じた。特に「機械」を利用している消費者志向の文化がいかにしてその「自己」を理解かつ解釈するために使用されているかということに焦点を当てた。さらに、ゲームとゲーム利用者の文化的・象徴的・記号的を強調した。西洋中心主義的な二元論によって定義された「自己」は、私が主張したように、新しいテクノロジーが我々の「自己」をどう見るかに関して再定義するようになるにつれて、ますます余分なものになってきている。
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この分野の事をある程度勉強していないと、正確な訳はできないと思います。 この意味で私は不適格かと思いますが、門外漢でも指摘できる点がありますのでいくつか述べてみたいと思います。 'Reality Bytes'は'reality bites'の事ではないでしょうか？ "現実をつきつけられる。”つまり”驚くべき現実”という感じでしょうか。 'Construction, mediation and crafting of the self' 'craft'は日本語だと”作る”になってしまいます。'construct'と大差ありません。 ただより精巧で入念だというニュアンスが加わるだけです。 'mediation of the self'が何の事なのか ”自己の仲裁”では何の事だかわかりません。 'mediate'は”争いや分裂を仲裁、和解する”ということですので、意訳すれば”自己治癒”などともいえるのかもしれません。 しかし、その論文を読んで見ないと分かりません。 ”消費者志向の文化がいかにしてその「自己」を理解かつ解釈するために使用されているか”についてですが、ここは ”消費者志向の文化がいかにして、「自己」を理解かつ解釈するために、それらを使用しているか” となるのではないでしょうか？つまり have used them のthemが訳されていませんし、受動態になってしまっています。 この”それら（them）”は'these machines'です。 また、'the cultural, symbolic and semiotic relationships'の relationshipsの訳語が抜けています。 最後の部分の'redundant'の訳も、この論文の全体を読まないと わかりませんが、”不必要な”という意味のような気がします。 ”余分”だと”過剰だ”、”量が多すぎる”という意味ですので ちょっと違うのではないかということです。
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The attack continued until 6 September, with the British capturing Leuze Wood on 4-5 September (referred to as 'Lousy Wood' by the troops), some three miles east of the 1 July front line. The French meanwhile captured a further village, Bouchavesnes, on 4 September. The battle of Dobrich, also known as the battle of Bazargic or the Dobrich epopee (Bulgarian: Добричка епопея), took place between 5 and 7 September 1916 between the armies of Bulgaria and Romania. Despite being outnumbered, the Bulgarian Third Army was victorious and took Southern Dobruja, pushing the Russian and Romanian forces further north and defeating them once again at the Lake Oltina - Kara Omer - Mangalia line.
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【 】内の代名詞がどれを意味するか、添削して下さい。 もし違っていたら、なぜ違っていたのか、どうすればよかったのか教えて頂ければ嬉しいです。 （以下前文）As a result, people with disorder never learn to fully differentiate between their views of self and others. （以下質問部）【１．This】 makes 【２．them】 extremely sensitive to others' opinions of 【３．them】 and to the possibility of being abandoned. When others are perceived as rejecting 【４．them】, 【５．they】 reject themselves and may engage in self-punishment or self-mutilation. １．→前文すべて ２～５．→people with disorder 最近、代名詞に関する質問が多いのですが、色々質問しているうちに頭がこんがらがってきました。 代名詞に何が当てはまるか考えるときは、 ・theyに入る名詞は、その直前の複数名詞の代名詞（状況に応じて更にさかのぼる） ・同一パラグラフの中では、最初に名詞を代名詞書き換えた時の代名詞が、 あとに続く代名詞を支配するであろうと推測する。 という仮説を立てながら、どの代名詞がどれなのかを考えているのですが、 ＞（状況に応じて更にさかのぼる） 要はこの状況とやらがわからず混乱しています。 ２．も、最初はtheir views of self and othersかと考えており、 違うかな？と確信を得るまでに大分時間を必要としました。
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In early July 1914, in the aftermath of the assassination of Austro-Hungarian Franz Ferdinand and the immediate likelihood of war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, Kaiser Wilhelm II and the German government informed the Austro-Hungarian government that Germany would uphold its alliance with Austria-Hungary and defend it from possible Russia intervention if a war between Austria-Hungary and Serbia took place. When Russia enacted a general mobilization, Germany viewed the act as provocative.
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By about 1800, Tokugawa administration at its topmost level had evolved into an elaborate coalition of different interests. These interests retained their separate identities, and important ties between them were frequently familial and tacit, rather than formal and institutional. The antagonisms that had once held sway were now little more than inherited memories, and there was a general acceptance of the existing regime for the sake of the rewards it conferred on court noble and daimyo as well as shogun, on senior cleric and clan elder as well as Tokugawa retainer. Beneath this pattern of government by a coalescence of elites lay the pluralistic structure of the baku-han system, with its diversification of administrative authority into one seminational and numerous local and autonomous power centers.
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The Sykes–Picot Agreement /ˈsaɪks pi.ko/, officially known as the Asia Minor Agreement, was a secret agreement between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the French Third Republic, with the assent of the Russian Empire, defining their proposed spheres of influence and control in Southwestern Asia should the Triple Entente succeed in defeating the Ottoman Empire during World War I. The negotiation of the treaty occurred between November 1915 and March 1916, the agreement was signed on 16 May 1916, and was exposed to the public in Izvestia and Pravda on 23 November 1917 and in the British Guardian on November 26, 1917. The Agreement is considered to have shaped the region, defining the borders of Iraq and Syria and leading to the current conflict between Israelis and Palestinians.
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英文を日本語訳にして頂けますか。 about your requested on the different species, a lot of those species we are not allow to export them from Florida and even to touch them$B!D(B i know a lot of those species are been exporter thru California and now is been more restriction on a lot of the turtles i'm not going to be able to help you with that on lizard yes some of them i get them from time to time$B!D(B please send your complete order and as you want to proceed with the order... お願いします。
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英語訳の練習をしています。英語が得意な方がどのように訳するのか、ぜひお手本にさせていただきたいので、よろしくお願いいたします。 1) Even as communities within countries pull together, the world seems ever more divided into camps of "good" or "evil". Simplifying the world into black or white makes political rhetoric easier, but it does not explain the complex issues surrounding the widening divisions between "us" and "them". 2) In a world that as once seems larger, fraught with potential international peril, and smaller, as communities draw closer in crisis or crisis preparation/ prevention, heroes are especially important.
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Many Americans believe that disputes should be settled by the disputing parties without outside help. Parents often send their children back to the playroom or playground with instructions to settle fights for themselves. Relatives and friends can be heard to say,”It’s between the two of you. I’m not getting in the middle .” Even psychologists tend to regard it as a sign of maturity when someone settles disputes without third parties,whose participation may be regarded as unhealthy. Yet many peoples of the world except conflicts to be resolved by third parties. This reflects an emphasis on harmony and interdependence: the tendency to see individuals as located in a social network,in contrast to the American tendency to over-emphasize independence and see the individual as the fundamental human unit. To manage disputes ranging from quarrels between family members to conflicts between villages, cultures develop informal rules and formal proceedings, just as Americans have assumptions about fair fights as well as legal trials. In contrast to the American way of settling disputes,however, the participation of the community is an important part of the proceedings. Americans cannot simply adopt the rituals of another culture,but thinking about these rituals can give them ideas for devising their own new ways to manage conflicts. できるだけ正確にお願いします。
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Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them,with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life is nonsence in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say,゛But suppose they fail to learn something essential,something they will need to get on in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential,they will go out into the world and learn it.
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The final break with the Tsentralna Rada came on April 29, when General Pavlo Skoropadskyi declared himself Hetman of the Ukrainian state. The Treaty of Rapallo of 1922 between Germany and Soviet Russia canceled the German commitments made at Brest-Litovsk. The disintegration of Austria-Hungary in late 1918 automatically annulled its commitments. Turkey renounced the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk by signing a treaty with the Ukrainian SSR in 1922. Only Bulgaria, as far as is known, did not formally annul the treaty. The Battle of Rarańcza was fought between Polish Legionnaires, and Austria-Hungary, from February 15 to 16, 1918, near Rarańcza in Bukovina, and ended with a Polish victory.The Brest-Litovsk Treaty, which was being negotiated on February 9, 1918, did not appear to benefit the idea of a nation state for Poland. This treaty, signed between the Central Powers (including Austria-Hungary) and the Ukrainian People's Republic on February 9, 1918, transferred the province of Chełm to the Ukrainian state. Poles, meanwhile, believed that the town of Chełm and surrounding lands should be under Polish control. The Polish forces, part of the Austro-Hungarian Army stationed on the border of Bessarabia, were increasingly restless. They were relatively spread out throughout the region over a frontline 250 km in length. They consisted of the Polish Auxiliary Corps (known as the II Brigade of Polish Legionnaires up till the recent oath crisis), as well as some additional Polish units. The Poles, having received the information about the treaty on February 12, and expecting, in the aftermath of the treaty further weakening of the Polish units, decided on the February 14 to join forces with the Polish First Army Corps in Russia by crossing the Austrian-Russian front lines. Only a few, including general Michał Zieliński, proposed taking no action, however even Zieliński unofficially supported the mutiny. Polish units, mostly the 2nd and 3rd Regiment under the command of Józef Haller de Hallenburg, attempted to break through the Austrian lines on February 15 to 16, 1918. Austrian forces were ordered to stop them, and fighting ensued in several places (while in others Austrian units withdrew).
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本当にありがとうございます。 誰も回答してくださらないかと思っておりました。