Lessons from Artificial Flight for AI Researchers

このQ&Aのポイント
  • Learn from the history of artificial flight to advance artificial intelligence (AI)
  • Intelligent machines surpass humans in many ways, making them more valuable
  • AI should be organized to behave intelligently rather than imitate human behavior
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大至急、英訳お願いします!!

Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) may get a useful lesson from the history of artificial flight. The development of aircraft succeeded only when people stopped trying to imitate birds and instead approached the problem in the ways, thinking about airflow and pressure, for example. Watching hovering birds inspired the Wright brothers to use wing warping – turning an aircraft by twisting its wings – but they did not set out to imitate the bird’s wing. Starting with a box kite, they first worked on achieving sufficient lift, then on vertical and horizontal stability., then on steering and finally on power and engine design, carefully solving each problem in turn. After that, no airplane could be confused with a bird either in its overall shape or in its flying abilities. In some ways, aircraft may never match the elegant precision of birds, but in other ways, their performance is clearly superior to that of birds. Aircraft do not land in trees, catch fish from the ocean or use the natural breeze to hover motionless above the countryside. However, no bird can fly at 45,000 feet or faster than sound. Rather than limiting the scope of AI to the study of how to imitate human behavior, we can more usefully think of it as the study how computing systems must be organized in order to behave intelligently. AI programs are often components of larger systems that are not themselves labeled “intelligent”. There are hundreds of such applications in use today, including those that make investment recommendations, analyze medical symptoms plan military troop and supply movements, schedule the repair of the space shuttle and detect illegal use of credit cards. These systems make expert decision, find meaningful patterns in complex data and improve their performances by learning. All these actions, if done by a human, would be taken to display good judgment, expert knowledge or responsibility. Many of these tasks, however, could not be done by humans, who are too slow, too easily distracted or not sufficiently reliable. Our intelligent machines already surpass us in many ways. The most useful computer applications, including AI applications, are valuable exactly by virtue of their lack of humanity. A truly humanlike program would be just as useless as a truly pigeon like aircraft.

noname#153448
noname#153448
  • 英語
  • 回答数1
  • ありがとう数1

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  • sayshe
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回答No.1

人工知能(AI)の分野の研究者は、人工の飛行の歴史からの役に立つ教訓を得るかもしれません。 航空機の開発は、人々が鳥を模倣しようとするのを止めて、たとえばその代わりに、気流と圧力について考えると言った方向で問題に取り組んだ時ようやく、成功しました。 浮かんでいる鳥を見て、ライト兄弟は、たわむ翼を使うと言うひらめきを得ました ― その翼をひねることによって航空機の向きを変えるのです ― しかし、彼らは鳥の翼を模倣しようとはしませんでした。 箱型凧から始めて、彼らは、まず、十分な揚力を得ることに取り組みました、それから垂直方向と水平方向の安定性に取り組み、さらに、操縦性、そして、ついには、出力とエンジンの設計に取り組むと言った様に、注意深く、順番に、それぞれの問題を解決していったのです。 その後、飛行機は、その全体的な形や、その空を飛ぶ能力で鳥と混同されることはありませんでした。 いくつかの点で、航空機は鳥のエレガントな精度に決してかなわないかもしれません、しかし、他の点では、それらの能力は鳥の能力より明らかに優れています。 航空機は木にとまらないし、海から魚を捕えたり、自然の微風を使って田園地帯の上空に静止して浮かぶこともありません。 しかし、鳥は高度45,000フィートを飛んだり、音速より速く飛ぶことはできません。 AIの範囲を人間行動を模倣する方法の研究に制限するよりはむしろ、AIをコンピュータ・システムが賢くふるまうためには、どのように組織しなければならないかと言う研究と考える方が、有効です。 AIのプログラムは、しばしば、「知的である」と自らを分類するわけにはいかないより大きなシステムの構成要素です。 投資の助言をしたり、医学的な症状を分析したり、軍の部隊編成と補給行動の計画を立てたり、スペースシャトルの修理のスケジュールを作ったり、クレジットカードの違法な使用を検知したりするものを含めて、何百ものそのようなアプリケーションが、今日、使用されています。 これらのシステムは、専門家の様な決定をして、複雑なデータの中に意味のあるパターンを発見して、学習によって自らのパフォーマンス(能力、性能)を向上させるのです。 これらの行動が全て、もしも人間によってなされるならば、優れた判断、専門家の知識や責任を示す必要があるでしょう。 しかし、これらの仕事の多くは人間によってなされるわけにはいきませんでした、と言うのは、人間は、遅すぎたり、容易に気が散ったり、十分に信頼できないからです。 我々の知的な機械(=コンピュータ)は、様々な点で我々をすでに凌いでいます。 最も役に立つコンピュータ・アプリケーションは、AIアプリケーションを含めて、それらに人間性が欠如していると言う理由で、正に貴重なのです。 本当に人間のようなプログラムは、本当にハトのような航空機と同様に、役に立たないでしょう。

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