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by which
by which "The Muslim religion, modified by its Turkish and Afghan race-bearers, was further modified by the Persian culture by which all the invaders were more or less influenced." このby whichの意味がわかりません。。。 できればこの英文の日本語訳もお願いします＞＜
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which 以降が the persian culture に掛ることはおわかりと思いますが、 all the invaders were more or less influenced by the Persian culture と考えてください。 influenced by ～ の by を前に出したのです。
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- which as の訳し方。
The members ruled the exchanges, which as an organisational entity had little agency of its own. Exchanges were marketplaces that served their members through enabling the disintermediated financing of enterprises and trading of securities between investors, borrowers and lenders by said members. 上記英文中，最初の文中のwhich as の構文の取り方と意味をお教え下さい。
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- byの意味は？(～by more ghan a third to ....)
下の英文の“ ”部分の意味はどうなるでしょうか。途中まではわかるのですが、by more than以下が何を意味しているか不明です。よろしくお願いします。 ハイネケンが収益が落ち込んだのに対し、カールスバーグが収益をのばしたことについての新聞記事です。 By contrast, sales and earnings at Carlsberg rocketed last year. They were boosted by its acquisition of Scottish & Newcastle 's stake in Baltic Beverage Holdings, Russia's largest brewer, in which Carlsberg and Heineken were joint venture partners. "Carlsberg more than tripled net profit to Dkr124m in the fourth quarter on sales up by more than a third to Dkr14.5bn($2.4bn)." 純利益は3倍のDkr124mとなり、売り上げは3分の1以上増加しDkr14.5bnになったということでしょうか？ お願いします。
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The treaty was composed of 143 articles with major sections including: Convention on the Turkish Straits Trade (abolition of capitulations) — Article 28 provided: "Each of the High Contracting Parties hereby accepts, in so far as it is concerned, the complete abolition of the Capitulations in Turkey in every respect. Agreements Binding letters. The treaty provided for the independence of the Republic of Turkey but also for the protection of the Greek Orthodox Christian minority in Turkey and the Muslim minority in Greece. However, most of the Christian population of Turkey and the Turkish population of Greece had already been deported under the earlier Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations signed by Greece and Turkey. Only the Greeks of Constantinople, Imbros and Tenedos were excluded (about 270,000 at that time), and the Muslim population of Western Thrace (about 129,120 in 1923.) Article 14 of the treaty granted the islands of Gökçeada (Imbros) and Bozcaada (Tenedos) "special administrative organisation", a right that was revoked by the Turkish government on 17 February 1926. Turkey also formally accepted the loss of Cyprus (which was leased to the British Empire following the Congress of Berlin in 1878, but de jure remained an Ottoman territory until World War I) as well as Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (which were occupied by British forces with the pretext of "putting down the Urabi Revolt and restoring order" in 1882, but de jure remained Ottoman territories until World War I) to the British Empire, which had unilaterally annexed them on 5 November 1914. The fate of the province of Mosul was left to be determined through the League of Nations. Turkey also explicitly renounced all claims on the Dodecanese Islands, which Italy was obliged to return to Turkey according to Article 2 of the Treaty of Ouchy in 1912 following the Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912). The treaty delimited the boundaries of Greece, Bulgaria, and Turkey; formally ceded all Turkish claims on the Dodecanese Islands (Article 15); Cyprus (Article 20); Egypt and Sudan (Article 17); Syria and Iraq (Article 3); and (along with the Treaty of Ankara) settled the boundaries of the latter two nations. The territories to the south of Syria and Iraq on the Arabian Peninsula which still remained under Turkish control when the Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918 were not explicitly identified in the text of the treaty. However, the definition of Turkey's southern border in Article 3 also meant that Turkey officially ceded them. These territories included Yemen, Asir and parts of Hejaz like the city of Medina. They were held by Turkish forces until 23 January 1919.
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- ★パーティションが狂いXPが立ち上がりません ★★★ m(_ _)m
質問：★パーティションが狂いXPが立ち上がりません 質問者：tyobibi Your disks were modified by Paragan Partition Engine! Insert its boot diskette and press any key というメッセージが出てそれ以上進みません。どうしたものでしょうか。 原因は、パーテェション・マネージャーというソフトを使っていて、誤って強制終了したからだと思います。 ファイナルデーター２００６を使い、とりあえずデーターを救出して、元々のHDにCとDにそれぞれコピーして立ち上げようとしたのですが、上記のようなメッセージが出てどうにもなりません。 アドバイスをお願いします。
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However, Compaq position weakened sharply as clones were quickly copying its PCs and were sometimes beaten on the market by some new products. The greatest damage was done by Dell Computer. which ran fuｌｌ‐page ads in newspapers around the world by suggesting that Dell offered comparable value at 50 percent off' Compaq‘s list price. Although the allegation was not true, Compaq was put on the defensive with its customers, which caused it to cut prices and streamline costs. Its CEO was later fired and the company adopted a new strategy by reducing cost and offering low-priced products through lower-cost channels.
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Advances in military medical techniques included the surgical cleaning (or debridement) of wounds, with delayed primary surgical closure, the Thomas Splint which stabilized compound leg fractures, the use of intravenous saline which had begun in 1916 and blood transfusions to prevent or even reverse the effects of shock. Casualties were transported from the regimental aid post close to the firing line to an advanced dressing station in the rear by the stretcher bearers of the field ambulances attached to the light horse and mounted brigades. Evacuations back to the railway line which stretched across the Sinai, were undertaken in horse-drawn ambulances, in sand sledges or in cacolets on camels, which was described as "a form of travel exquisite in its agony for wounded men because of the nature of the animal's movement".
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- by which
a speedy process by which readers' ability to process written information is directly proportional to the amount of information on each page and the reader's rate of page-flipping というフォトリーディングに関する文章なのですがその中の a speedy process by which readers' ability to process written information の by which というのは文法的にはどうなっているのでしょうか？ もし区切るとしたら a speedy process by ( which reader's ability to process written information) でしょうか？ でもそうなるとこの which は必要なのでしょうか？ 単に a speedy process by reader's ability ～ ではいけませんか？ このwhich の意味がわかるかたがいましたら教えてください！！
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- どういうふうに英訳すればいいのでしょうか？少ししてみたのですが。
世界各地の伝説上の生き物の文化比較論的研究 副題 異なる文化において、それらはどのような際立った特性、および差異があるのか？ また、各地の特有の文化とあいまって、それらは絵画、文学、宗教、音楽において、どのように表現されてきたか。 Comparative Study of Legendary Creatures in various countries of the world って訳してみたのですが、文化比較的が上手く訳せません。世界各地も変だし。自信がなく.... 中年になってから通っている大学の講座で提出するのですが... 英語も併記で困っています。 副題 What outstanding(special?) characteristics do they have in each culture? And what are the fundamental differences? And how have they been expressed (represented?) in art, literature, religion, and music, of each district, influenced by each culture? よろしくお願いいたします。↑ なんか変ですよね？恥ずかしいです。
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どうしても、この部分だけできないのでできれば今日中に回答いただけると助かります! In general, people like to think they are cleaner than others. But, since we also usually like to think our own ways are best, one group will still look down on another even though, or because, it is ()! In the 17th century, the clean Turkish people, who took a bath several times a week, were viewed with suspicion by dirty Europeans. They decided this strange habit must be caused by the inferior Turkish food, religion and climate. As for our 21st century global world, well, we certainly spend a lot of time cleaning our bodies.
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By 5 August the brigades of the 2nd Australian Division were exhausted and were to be relieved by the 4th Australian Division. While the relief was underway on the night of 5–6 August the Australians were subjected to an extreme bombardment, because the salient they occupied could be shelled by the Germans from all directions, including from Thiepval which lay to the rear. On the morning of 6 August, a German counter-attack tried to approach the O.G. Lines but was met by machine gun fire and forced to dig in. The bombardment continued through the day, by the end of which most of the 2nd Division had been relieved. From its twelve days in the line, the division had suffered 6,848 casualties.
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