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質問

The Vardar Offensive (Bulgarian: Офанзива при Вардар) was a World War I military operation, fought between 15 and 29 September 1918. The operation took place during the final stage of the Balkans Campaign. On September 15, a combined force of Serbian, French and Greek troops attacked the Bulgarian-held trenches in Dobro Pole ("Good Field"), at the time part of the Kingdom of Serbia (present day Republic of Macedonia). The assault and the preceding artillery preparation had devastating effects on Bulgarian morale, eventually leading to mass desertions.
On September 18, a second Entente formation assaulted the Bulgarian positions in the vicinity of Lake Doiran. Effectively employing machine gun and artillery fire the Bulgarians managed to stall the Allied advance on the Doiran sector. However the collapse of the front at Dobro Pole forced the Bulgarians to withdraw from Doiran. The Allies pursued the German 11th Army and the Bulgarian 1st Army, while pushing deeper into Vardar Macedonia. By 29 September, the Allies had captured the former HQ of Uskub, thus endangering the remnants of the 11th Army.
The parallel development of the anti-monarchist Radomir Rebellion forced Bulgaria to sign the Armistice of Salonica and withdraw from the war. The treaty included the full capitulation of the 11th Army, bringing the final tally of German and Bulgarian prisoners to 77,000 and granting the Allies 500 artillery pieces. The Bulgarian downfall turned the strategic and operational balance of the war against the Central Powers. The Macedonian Front was brought to an end at noon on 30 September, when the ceasefire came into effect. The 28 June 1914, assassination of Austro-Hungarian heir presumptive Archduke Franz Ferdinand precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. The conflict quickly attracted the involvement of all major European countries, pitting the Central Powers against the Entente coalition and starting World War I.
Serbia was defeated during the autumn 1915 phase of the Serbian Campaign, prompting France and Britain to transfer troops from the Gallipoli Campaign to Greek Macedonia. The Macedonian Front was thus established in an effort to support the remnants of the Serbian army to conquer Vardar Macedonia.
On 17 August 1916, in the Struma Offensive Bulgaria invaded Greece, easily conquering all Greek territory east of the Struma, since the Greek Army was ordered not to resist by the pro-German King Constantine. The surrender of territory recently won with difficulty in the Second Balkan War of 1913 was the last straw for many supporters of Liberal Party politician Eleftherios Venizelos.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Vardar Offensive (Bulgarian: Офанзива при Вардар) was a World War I military operation, fought between 15 and 29 September 1918. The operation took place during the final stage of the Balkans Campaign. On September 15, a combined force of Serbian, French and Greek troops attacked the Bulgarian-held trenches in Dobro Pole ("Good Field"), at the time part of the Kingdom of Serbia (present day Republic of Macedonia). The assault and the preceding artillery preparation had devastating effects on Bulgarian morale, eventually leading to mass desertions.
⇒「ヴァルダー攻勢」（ブルガリア語：Офанзива при Вардар）は1918年9月15日から29日にかけて戦われた第一次世界大戦の軍事的作戦行動であった。この作戦行動は「バルカン半島野戦」の最終段階で起こった。9月15日、セルビア、フランス、ギリシャの各軍隊の組み合わせ軍団が、セルビア王国（現代のマケドニア共和国）時代のドブロ・ポール（「良き戦場」）にあるブルガリア保有の塹壕を攻撃した。この襲撃と先行の準備砲撃は、ブルガリア軍の士気に壊滅的な影響を与え、最終的には大挙しての放棄につながった。

＞On September 18, a second Entente formation assaulted the Bulgarian positions in the vicinity of Lake Doiran. Effectively employing machine gun and artillery fire the Bulgarians managed to stall the Allied advance on the Doiran sector. However the collapse of the front at Dobro Pole forced the Bulgarians to withdraw from Doiran. The Allies pursued the German 11th Army and the Bulgarian 1st Army, while pushing deeper into Vardar Macedonia. By 29 September, the Allies had captured the former HQ of Uskub, thus endangering the remnants of the 11th Army.
⇒9月18日、第2次協商国編成隊が、ドイラン湖の周辺でブルガリア軍の陣地を襲った。ブルガリア軍は、機関銃と砲撃を効果的に使って連合国軍のドイラン地区への進軍を阻止した。しかし、ドブロ・ポール前線の崩壊で、ブルガリア軍はドイランからの撤退を余儀なくされた。連合国軍は、ドイツ第11方面軍とブルガリア第1方面軍を追撃しながら、彼らをヴァルダー・マケドニアの奥まで押し込めた。9月29日までに、連合国軍はウスクブの旧本部を攻略し、かくして第11方面軍の残党を危険にさらした。

＞The parallel development of the anti-monarchist Radomir Rebellion forced Bulgaria to sign the Armistice of Salonica and withdraw from the war. The treaty included the full capitulation of the 11th Army, bringing the final tally of German and Bulgarian prisoners to 77,000 and granting the Allies 500 artillery pieces. The Bulgarian downfall turned the strategic and operational balance of the war against the Central Powers. The Macedonian Front was brought to an end at noon on 30 September, when the ceasefire came into effect. The 28 June 1914, assassination of Austro-Hungarian heir presumptive Archduke Franz Ferdinand precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. The conflict quickly attracted the involvement of all major European countries, pitting the Central Powers against the Entente coalition and starting World War I.
⇒反君主制主義者ラドミルの反乱に並行する展開があって、それによってブルガリア軍は「サロニカの停戦協定」に調印し、戦争から撤退することを強いられることになった。この条約には、第11方面軍の完全降伏（に加えて）、ドイツ・ブルガリア軍の囚人の最終的な集計を77,000人とし、連合国軍に500門の大砲を付与するとの条項が含まれた。ブルガリアの崩壊により、中央同盟国軍に対する戦いの戦略と作戦行動のバランスが変わった。マケドニア前線は、停戦条約の実効が始まった9月30日の正午に終了した。1914年6月28日、オーストリア=ハンガリー国の後継者であるフランツ・フェルディナンド大公の暗殺により、オーストリア=ハンガリー軍のセルビア宣戦が急浮上した。この紛争は、急速に主要な欧州諸国の関与を引きつけ、中央同盟国軍をして協商国連合との戦いに火をつけ、第一次世界大戦が開始された。

＞Serbia was defeated during the autumn 1915 phase of the Serbian Campaign, prompting France and Britain to transfer troops from the Gallipoli Campaign to Greek Macedonia. The Macedonian Front was thus established in an effort to support the remnants of the Serbian army to conquer Vardar Macedonia.
　On 17 August 1916, in the Struma Offensive Bulgaria invaded Greece, easily conquering all Greek territory east of the Struma, since the Greek Army was ordered not to resist by the pro-German King Constantine. The surrender of territory recently won with difficulty in the Second Balkan War of 1913 was the last straw for many supporters of Liberal Party politician Eleftherios Venizelos.
⇒セルビアは1915年秋の「セルビア野戦」の間に敗北したので、フランスと英国が「ガリポリ野戦」からギリシャ・マケドニアに軍隊を移転することが促された。かくして、セルビア方面軍の残党がヴァルダー・マケドニアを征服するのを支援するためにマケドニア前線が設立された。
　1916年8月17日、ブルガリア軍が「シュトゥルマ攻勢」でギリシャを侵略し、シュトゥルマの東側にあるすべてのギリシャ領土を簡単に征服したが、それはギリシャ軍が親ドイツの国王コンスタンチンから抵抗しないように命じられていたからである。1913年の「第2次バルカン戦争」で辛くも勝ち取ったばかりの降伏領土は、自由党の政治家エレフテリオス・ヴェニゼロスを支持する多くの者にとって最後の頼みの綱であった。

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