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質問

German offensive tactics stressed surprise, but French intelligence based on aerial observation gave clear warning and from twenty-seven prisoners taken in a trench raid they learned the hour for the attack.
The German bombardment was scheduled for 12:10. The French opened fire on the German assault trenches at 11:30, naturally shaking the confidence of attackers. When the Germans opened fire they pounded the almost empty French front line and their counter-battery fire struck many vacated gun pits. The attackers moved easily through the French front and then were led onward by a rolling barrage, which soon was well ahead of the infantry because they were held-up by the points of resistance. When they encountered the French mainline they were ordered to rest, regroup and wait until their field guns were moved into range. They attacked the main line at 08:30 the following morning, an hour after their schedule. They were stopped by accurate fire by the bulk of the French artillery. They tried again at noon, but failed. A French counter-attack gained little ground, but convinced the German commanders that they could not prevail. The Fourth Army was now able to send reinforcements to their neighbors to the west who had not fared as well.
In the west on the opening day of the offensive the defenders of the south bank of the Marne had to hold the river bank by enduring an intense three hour bombardment, including many gas shells. Under this cover stormtroopers swarmed across the river in every sort of transport—including 30-man canvas boats and rafts. They began to erect skeleton bridges at 12 points under fire from the Allied survivors. Some Allied units, particularly Colonel Ulysses G. McAlexander's 38th Infantry Regiment of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Division, the "Rock of the Marne", held fast or even counterattacked, but by evening, the Germans had captured a bridgehead on either side of Dormans 4 mi (6.4 km) deep and 9 mi (14 km) wide, despite the aerial intervention of 225 French bombers, dropping 44 short tons (40 t) of bombs on the makeshift bridges. Ludendorff regarded their advance as "the very pinnacle of military victory"
The French were reinforced by the British XXII Corps and 85,000 American troops, the German advance on stalled 17 July 1918The German failure to break through, or to destroy the Allied armies in the field, allowed Ferdinand Foch, the Allied Supreme Commander, to proceed with the planned major counteroffensive on 18 July; 24 French divisions, including the American 92nd and 93rd Infantry Divisions under French command, joined by other Allied troops, including eight large American divisions under American command and 350 tanks attacked the recently formed German salient.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞German offensive tactics stressed surprise, but French intelligence based on aerial observation gave clear warning and from twenty-seven prisoners taken in a trench raid they learned the hour for the attack.
⇒ドイツ軍の攻撃的戦術は急襲に力を入れたが、空中観測に基づくフランス軍諜報部は明確な警告を与えたし、彼らは塹壕侵攻で捕縛した27人の捕虜から攻撃の時間を知った。

＞The German bombardment was scheduled for 12:10. The French opened fire on the German assault trenches at 11:30, naturally shaking the confidence of attackers. When the Germans opened fire they pounded the almost empty French front line and their counter-battery fire struck many vacated gun pits. The attackers moved easily through the French front and then were led onward by a rolling barrage, which soon was well ahead of the infantry because they were held-up by the points of resistance.
⇒ドイツ軍の砲撃は12時10分に予定されていた。フランス軍は11時30分にドイツ軍の襲撃（基地の）塹壕に砲火したので、攻撃隊の自信は当然ながら揺さぶりをかけられた。ドイツ軍が砲火した時、それはほとんど空っぽのフランス軍前線を叩いたので、彼らの反撃砲火は多く無人の砲座に着弾した。攻撃隊はフランス軍の前線を通る際は容易に移動したが、その後は抵抗拠点が持ち堪えていたので、歩兵隊に先行する纏いつく集中砲撃の導きを得て前進した。

＞When they encountered the French mainline they were ordered to rest, regroup and wait until their field guns were moved into range. They attacked the main line at 08:30 the following morning, an hour after their schedule. They were stopped by accurate fire by the bulk of the French artillery. They tried again at noon, but failed. A French counter-attack gained little ground, but convinced the German commanders that they could not prevail. The Fourth Army was now able to send reinforcements to their neighbors to the west who had not fared as well.
⇒彼らがフランス軍の主要戦線に遭遇したとき、休息し、再編成して、野戦砲が射程内に入るまで待つようにと命じられた。彼らは予定1時間後の翌朝08時30分に主要戦線を攻撃した。（しかし）彼らは、フランス軍砲兵隊の本体による正確な砲撃によって食い止められた。彼らは正午にもう一度攻撃を試みたが、失敗であった。フランス軍の反撃は、ほとんど地面を得られなかったけれども、ドイツ軍の司令官に勝利できないことを確信させた。第4方面軍は、同じくうまくいかない西の隣接軍に援軍を送ることができた。

＞In the west on the opening day of the offensive the defenders of the south bank of the Marne had to hold the river bank by enduring an intense three hour bombardment, including many gas shells. Under this cover stormtroopers swarmed across the river in every sort of transport—including 30-man canvas boats and rafts. They began to erect skeleton bridges at 12 points under fire from the Allied survivors. Some Allied units, particularly Colonel Ulysses G. McAlexander's 38th Infantry Regiment of the 3rd U.S. Infantry Division, the "Rock of the Marne", held fast or even counterattacked, but by evening, the Germans had captured a bridgehead on either side of Dormans 4 mi (6.4 km) deep and 9 mi (14 km) wide, despite the aerial intervention of 225 French bombers, dropping 44 short tons (40 t) of bombs on the makeshift bridges. Ludendorff regarded their advance as "the very pinnacle of military victory"
⇒攻撃開始日、西側マルヌ南岸の守備隊は、多くのガス砲を含む激しい3時間の砲撃に耐えて川岸を守らなければならなかった。この援護の下で、突撃隊員らはあらゆる種類の輸送方式―30人のキャンバスボートと筏を含む―で川を横切って襲撃した。彼らは、連合国軍の生存者からの射撃の下で12か所に鉄骨橋を建て始めた。一部の連合国軍部隊、特に米国軍第3歩兵師団のユリセス・G.マクアレクサンダー大佐の第38歩兵連隊、（またの名）「マルヌの岩」隊は、陣を固く守り、さらには反撃さえしたが、夕方までにドイツ軍が間に合わせの橋の上に44小トン（40トン）の爆弾を落として、フランス軍の第225空中爆撃隊の介入にもかかわらず、ドーマン川の両岸に奥行き4マイル（6.4キロ）、幅9マイル（14キロ）にわたって橋頭堡を攻略した。ルーデンドルフは、彼らの進軍を「軍事的勝利の頂点」とみなした。

＞The French were reinforced by the British XXII Corps and 85,000 American troops, the German advance on stalled 17 July 1918The German failure to break through, or to destroy the Allied armies in the field, allowed Ferdinand Foch, the Allied Supreme Commander, to proceed with the planned major counteroffensive on 18 July; 24 French divisions, including the American 92nd and 93rd Infantry Divisions under French command, joined by other Allied troops, including eight large American divisions under American command and 350 tanks attacked the recently formed German salient.
⇒フランス軍は、英国軍の第XXII軍団と85000人の米国軍によって強化されたので、1918年7月17日ドイツ軍の進軍は停滞した。ドイツ軍の突破や連合国軍破壊の失敗により、連合国軍最高司令官のフェルディナン・フォッシュは、かねて計画された主要な反撃を7月18日に進めることを認めた。フランスの指揮下にある米国軍の第92、第歩兵師団を含む24個のフランス軍師団に他の連合国軍が合流したが、そこには米国軍指揮官の下8個の大きな米国軍師団と350台の戦車が含まれていた。そして、彼らは、最近形成されたばかりのドイツ軍の突出部を攻撃した。

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