Has history shown that separation of powers is necessary to protect liberty?

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  • Montesquieu suggested that there is no freedom unless the judiciary power be not separated from legislative and executive.
  • When the legislative and executive powers are united, there can be no liberty.
  • Separation of powers is necessary to protect liberty.
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英文についての質問です

Has history shown that separation of powers is necessary to protect liberty? という質問の答えになる箇所をいくつか探しました。 (*全文読んでいただく必要は無いです。) Their intellectual guide here was the French political theorist Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755), who warned against letting anyone control both those powers. When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehension may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner. * Again, there is no liberty if the judiciary power be not separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with the executive, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control; for the judge would then be the legislator. Were it joined to the executive power, the judge might behave with violence and oppression. (*以下を参考にしました。それだけではわからないと思ったので、前文も載せましたが、特に読んでいただかなくて大丈夫かと思います。) その質問に対する答えが、 「はい、Montesquieuは司法権が立法府と行政府を分離させなければ、自由はないと示した。」 Yes, Montesquieu suggested that there is no freedom unless the judiciary power be not separated from legislative and executive. =こちらでいいでしょうか? よろしくお願いします。

  • wxw
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  • Nakay702
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回答No.2

>Yes, Montesquieu suggested that there is no freedom unless the judiciary power be not separated from legislative and executive. ⇒そうですね、これでいいと思います。 次のように言うと、「より普遍的な事実」として述べている感じが表わせますね。 Yes, it has been shown, for example, by Montesquieu that there is no freedom unless the judiciary power is not separated from legislative and executive. =「はい、例えばMontesquieuによって、司法権が立法権や行政権から分離されなければ、自由はない、ということが示されて(きて)います。」

wxw
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お礼

ご回答ありがとうございます。 的外れな回答をしていなかったようで安心しました。 そして、文章の添削もありがとうございます。 参考にさせていただきます!

その他の回答 (1)

noname#232424
noname#232424
回答No.1

モンテスキューの三権分立のはなしですね。 http://www.y-history.net/appendix/wh1102-044.html から孫引きすると(自分で説明するほどぼくは勉強していない・笑) ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー モンテスキューが『法の精神』(1748)で「すべて権力をもつ者はそれを濫用しがちである。彼は極限までその権力を用いる。権力の濫用をなしえぬようにするためには、権力が権力を抑制するよう事物を按配することが必要である」と述べている。その考えにもとづき、モンテスキューは権力を抑制するしくみとして「立法権」、「万民法に関する事項の執行権」、そして「市民法に関する事項の執行権」という3つの権力をそれぞれ異なった機関に分担させることを説いた。「万民法に関する事項の執行権」が今日の行政権にあたり、「市民法に関する事項の執行権」が裁判所にあたる。ただし、モンテスキューにおいては、立法権は人民の代表と貴族の代表の双方に与えられるべきであるとされ、二院制議会が想定されていた。それはモンテスキュー自身が法服貴族の出身であり、イギリスの二院制を参考にしたからであった。モンテスキューよりも先にロックも権力分立を説いていたが、ロックの場合はあくまで議会優位で議会を最高権力と位置づけていたのに対し、モンテスキューは三権には優劣なく相互を監視する役割が与えられた。モンテスキューの三権分立論が後世にに広く受けいれられたのは、特定の国の制度を理想としたのではなく、抽象的・観念的に、つまり普遍性を持ったものとして論じたからであった。<浦部法穂『世界史の中の憲法』2008 共栄書房 p.75-81> ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー 課題の質問は: Has history shown that separation of powers is necessary to protect liberty? 自由を守るために権力の分離が必要であることを,歴史は示したか? したがって,あなたの引用したかぎりでは,モンテスキューにいたる前時代のはなし: When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehension may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner. 立法権と行政権が同一人物または同一の治安機構に併存していれば,自由は存在しえない。なぜなら,ひとりの君主またはひとつの立法府が専制的な法律を制定して専制的に執行してはいけないという,危惧がわきおこる可能性があるからだ。 のあたりが糸口になるんじゃないかと,ぼくは思います。

wxw
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お礼

ご回答ありがとうございます。 わざわざ調べてくださったようで…。 日本語でも難しいのに、英語なんてもっと難しいですよね笑。 大変参考になりました。ありがとうございます。

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