Major Russian Offensive: Polish Legions Face Battle at Kostiuchnówka

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  • The II Brigade of the Polish Legions faced a major Russian offensive at Kostiuchnówka.
  • The Polish forces held defensive positions along the Polish Hill, with the most advanced position at Piłsudski's Redoubt.
  • The Russian forces, made up of the 46th Corps, outnumbered the Polish Legions and had a larger artillery force.
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英文翻訳をお願いします。

Facing the major Russian offensive, the II Brigade of the Polish Legions was deployed out of Kostiuchnówka, at Gruziatyn and Hołzula. The I Brigade held the lines advancing down the Polish Hill, Kostiuchnówka village; the III Brigade, positioned to its left, held the lines near the Optowa village; the Piłsudski's Redoubt was the most advanced Polish position, just about 50 metres (164 ft) facing head on the most advanced Russian redoubt, called the "Eagle's Nest". Further down the Polish Hill the Hungarian 128th Honvédség Brigade took positions opposite the Polish right flank, the Hungarian 11th Cavalry Division opposite the left flank. Two Polish fall-back lines were drawn beyond the first line of defense: one drawn through the Polish Forest and the Engineer's Forest, and the second one through the villages of Nowe Kukle, Nowy Jastków, the camp of Legionowo and Nowa Rarańcza. The Polish Legions at Kostiuchnówka numbered from 5,500[1] to 7,300 (6,500 infantry and 800 cavalry), with forty-nine machine guns, fifteen mortars and twenty-six artillery units. The Russian forces, composed of the most part of the 46th Corps (primarily the 110th and 77nd Infantry Division[clarification needed]), numbered 23,000 infantry, 3,000 cavalry and were backed up by a larger artillery force consisting of 120 units.

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回答No.1

ロシアの大攻勢に直面して、ポーランド現地軍の第二旅団はコスチウクノーカ、グルジアチン、ホルズーラの外域に布陣した。第一旅団はポーランド丘を下ったコスチウクノーカ村の戦線を保持し、第三旅団はその左、オプトバ村の近くの戦線に陣取った。 ピルスーズキ砦はポーランドの陣形の最も先にあり、ロシア側の最も進出した陣地、「鷲の爪」と呼ばれるところからは５０ｍ（164フィート）に迫っていた。 ポーランドの丘をもっと下ったところにはハンガリーの第128陸軍旅団がポーランド軍の右側面の向かいに、ハンガリー第11騎兵師団は左に陣取った。 2本の後退線が最初の防衛線に沿って策定された。ひとつはポーランド軍の森と工兵隊の森 の間、2本目はノウエ・ククル、ノーイ・ジャスコウ、レジオノヲとノワ・ラランチャを通った線だった。 ポーランド現地軍は5,500名[1]から7,300名（歩兵6500名と騎兵800名）になり、49丁の機関銃と15門の迫撃砲を装備し、砲兵26個隊(*)が付属した。ロシア軍は第46軍団（第110、第77歩兵師団（再編成必要）基幹）の大部分からなり、歩兵23,000名と騎兵3,000名、それに 120個隊からなる大砲兵軍の支援を受けていた。 (*) artillery units　砲1~2門を運用する砲兵の基本単位で小隊または中隊(砲4~8門）　 US陸軍では戦砲隊または砲兵小隊（戦砲隊と弾薬班で構成)としている。 規模が不明なので「隊」とした。

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