Luxembourg's Neutrality and the Outbreak of World War I

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  • Luxembourg has been a neutral state since the 1867 Treaty of London. Prussia accepted Luxembourg's neutrality in exchange for the fortress of Luxembourg.
  • The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand sparked tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, leading to the outbreak of World War I. Austria-Hungary had the support of Germany, while Serbia was backed by Russia.
  • The attack on Serbia by Austria-Hungary necessitated the mobilisation of Russia and Germany, as per their alliance. This ultimately led to the escalation of the war.
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Since the 1867 Treaty of London, Luxembourg had been an explicitly neutral state. The Luxembourg Crisis had seen Prussia thwart France's attempt to purchase the Grand Duchy from the Netherlands. Luxembourg's neutrality was accepted by Prussia's then-Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, who boasted, "In exchange for the fortress of Luxembourg, we have been compensated by the neutrality of the country, and a guarantee that it shall be maintained in perpetuity." In June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the thrones of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated by pan-Slavic nationalists, leading to a sudden deterioration in relations between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. Austria-Hungary was supported by the German Empire, whilst Serbia had the backing of the Russian Empire. On 28 July, Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia, which, in turn, required the mobilisation of Russia, hence of Germany, thanks to its responsibilities under the Dual Alliance.

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  • Nakay702
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以下のとおりお答えします。第一次世界大戦前後の、東欧周辺の変動とそれをめぐる国際関係などについて説明しています。 >Since the 1867 Treaty of London, Luxembourg had been an explicitly neutral state. The Luxembourg Crisis had seen Prussia thwart France's attempt to purchase the Grand Duchy from the Netherlands. Luxembourg's neutrality was accepted by Prussia's then-Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck, who boasted, "In exchange for the fortress of Luxembourg, we have been compensated by the neutrality of the country, and a guarantee that it shall be maintained in perpetuity." ⇒1867年の「ロンドン条約」以来、ルクセンブルクは明白な中立国であった。「ルクセンブルク危機」は、オランダから大公国を購入するフランスの試みをプロシアが妨げたというものであった。ルクセンブルクの中立は、当時のプロシア首相、オットー・フォン・ビスマルクによって受け入れられた。彼は、「ルクセンブルクの要塞(擁護したこと)と交換に、私達はその国の中立によって補償されてきたのだから、それを永続的に維持することを保証する」と自慢そうに話した。 >In June 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the thrones of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated by pan-Slavic nationalists, leading to a sudden deterioration in relations between Austria-Hungary and Serbia. Austria-Hungary was supported by the German Empire, whilst Serbia had the backing of the Russian Empire. On 28 July, Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia, which, in turn, required the mobilisation of Russia, hence of Germany, thanks to its responsibilities under the Dual Alliance.* ⇒1914年6月、オーストリア・ハンガリーの王位継承者フランツ・フェルディナント大公が、汎スラブ人の国家主義者に暗殺されて、オーストリア・ハンガリーとセルビア間の関係が突然悪化するという事態に至った。オーストリア・ハンガリーはドイツ帝国によって支援される一方、セルビアはロシア帝国の後ろ盾を持っていた。7月28日、オーストリア・ハンガリー軍がセルビアを攻撃したが、セルビアは「デュアル(双対)同盟」下での(相互)責任のおかげで、ドイツの(件での協力の)お返しに、ロシア軍の動員を要請した。* *このあたり、意訳したつもりですが、誤訳があるかも知れません。もしそうでしたら、どうぞ悪しからず。

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