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アメリカ製にしろ輸入車にしろ、当時、バラバラにならないでアメリカの道路を長距離走ることが出来るように見える自動車は一台も無かった。
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The few British soldiers who did escape faced harsh conditions during their retreat back into Nigeria. German units pursued them over the frontier and occupied the British station at Okuri which they later abandoned. This failed invasion, along with the failures of other Allied columns along Kamerun's northwestern border with Nigeria, forced the British to go on the defensive. German forces gained confidence as a result of this victory and patrols began to make intrusions into British Nigeria as far west as Yola. Battle of Rawa (also written as -Rava, -Rawa-Ruska, -Rava-Ruska, or -Rava-Russka) was an early stage World War I battle between Austria-Hungary and Russia, between September 3–11, 1914. The Russian armies had defeated their opponents and threw them back to the Carpathian mountains. The battle was part of the series of engagements known as Battle of Galicia. The Fourth Army commanded by Moritz von Auffenberg, victorious in the Battle of Komarow, was given order to turn south to aid the Third Army (Rudolf Brudermann) which had suffered heavy casualties. This had created a gap between the First (Viktor Dankl) and Fourth Armies, and the gap was exploited by the Russian Third Army commanded by Pavel Plehve. Near Rava-Ruska (Galicia, today Ukraine) nine Austro-Hungarian divisions clashed with nine Russian divisions. The units commanded by Auffenberg were barely able to escape encirclement for the price of lengthy retreat and large loss of men and equipment. Blame for the defeat was put on Auffenberg though the movement to help the Third Army was an order by Conrad von Hötzendorf. Later during the war, Rava-Ruska was re-captured by the Central Powers armies on June 21, 1915. Battle of Rawa ラヴァの戦い
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英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！ The detailed evolution of Pompeii’s public landscape in the Roman period is full of uncertainties. There are question-marks over the dates of several buildings; it is difficult to decide, indeed, whether some of them date to the period after the foundation of the colony or go back to Samnite times. Where the dates of buildings are known, it is often unclear what preceded them: the dearth of excavations beneath the levels of 79 prevents us, in most cases, from judging whether they were constructed on ‘’virgin’’ sites, whether they replaced domestic or commercial buildings, or whether they were substitutes for previous public edifices. The following account will, therefore, be hedged with many ‘’ifs’’, ’’buts’ ’and’ ’maybes’’. By the time of the Social War the development of the street-system was complete apart from minor adjustments, and most of the city-blocks were built up. The forum, towards the southwest corner of the city, was the hub of civic and commercial actively, and, though much of its east side seems still to have been occupied by shops and workshops rather than the public buildings which existed later, there were certainly public buildings to the south and west.
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The image of personal air transportation is one of irresistible simplicity. Step into your garage, climb into your vehicle, and in moments you can be zipping through the skies on a journey free of potholes, toll booths, traffic jams, and stoplights. Every journey could be by the most direct route possible, literally “as the crow flies.” Remote areas without roads―or with roads too steep, rough, or winding for ordinary cars―would be as accessible as the heart of downtown. This image has been part of popular culture virtually since the invention of flight in the early twentieth century. Flying cars―actually, coupes with detachable wings and tails that turned them into airplanes－enjoyed limited popularity and extensive press coverage in the United States between 1945 and 1960. Designers are currently pursuing a half-dozen major flying car projects, of which Paul Moller’s M400 Skycar (computer-controlled and capable of vertical takeoffs) is the best known. The technology of flying cars has changed, but the dream underlying them has not. transportation=means of transport irresistible simplicity 魅力的で抵抗できないぐらい単純明快 in moments=immediately be zipping through the skies on a journey 大空へヒューっと飛び出す the most direct route possible 可能な限りの最短ルート “as the crow flies” 一直線に coupes クーペ型自動車 M400 Skycar 開発中の空飛ぶ車の呼称 ご協力お願いします＾＾；
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However, far to the north, U.S. troops of the 27th and 30th divisions of the II Corps AEF fought under British command in a spearhead attack on the Hindenburg Line with 12 British and Australian divisions, and directly alongside the exhausted veteran divisions of the Australian Corps of the First Australian Imperial Force (1st AIF). With artillery and British tanks, the combined three-nation force, despite some early setbacks, attacked and captured their objectives (including Montbrehain village) along a six-kilometre section of the Line between Bellicourt and Vendhuille, which was centred around an underground section of the St. Quentin Canal and came to be known as the Battle of St. Quentin Canal. Although the capture of the heights above the Beaurevoir Line by October 10, marking a complete breach in the Hindenburg Line, was arguably of greater immediate significance, the important U.S. contribution to the victory at the St. Quentin Canal is less well remembered in the United States than Meuse-Argonne. The American forces initially consisted of fifteen divisions of the U.S. First Army commanded by then-General John J. Pershing until October 16, and then by Lieutenant General Hunter Liggett. The logistics were planned and directed by then-Colonel George C. Marshall. The French forces next to them consisted of 31 divisions including the Fourth Army (under Henri Gouraud) and the Fifth Army (under Henri Mathias Berthelot). The U.S. divisions of the AEF were oversized (12 battalions per division versus the French/British/German 9 battalions per division), being up to twice the size of other Allies' battle-depleted divisions upon arrival, but the French and other Allied divisions had been partly replenished prior to the Grand Offensive, so both the U.S. and French contributions in troops were considerable. Most of the heavy equipment (tanks, artillery, aircraft) was provided by the European Allies. For the Meuse-Argonne front alone, this represented 2,780 artillery pieces, 380 tanks and 840 planes. As the battle progressed, both the Americans and the French brought in reinforcements. Eventually, 22 American divisions would participate in the battle at one time or another, representing two full field armies. Other French forces involved included the 2nd Colonial Corps, under Henri Claudel, which had also fought alongside the AEF at the Battle of Saint-Mihiel earlier in September 1918.
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The U.S. attack was unsuccessful. Monash asked Rawlinson for permission to delay the main attack due on 29 September, but this was refused because of the priority given to Marshal Ferdinand Foch's strategy of keeping the Germans under the relentless pressure of coordinated assaults along the front. As a result of the confusion created by the failed attack (with the corps command being unsure of where the American troops were), the battle on 29 September on the American 27th Division front had to be started without the customary (and highly effective) close artillery support. The British artillery commander argued that attempting to alter the barrage timetable at this late stage would cause problems and the American divisional commander Major General John F. O'Ryan was also concerned about the possibility of friendly fire. All of the Allied commanders therefore agreed to proceed with the original artillery fire plan. The result was that the barrage would now start at the originally-intended jump-off point, some 900 m (1,000 yd) beyond the actual starting point of the infantry, leaving them very vulnerable during their initial advance. 27th Division was required to make an advance greater than any that had been asked of its highly experienced Australian allies, an advance of some 4,500 m (5,000 yd) in a single action. In an attempt to compensate for the lack of a creeping barrage Rawlinson provided additional tanks. However, the absence of a creeping barrage in the 27th Division sector was to have a very detrimental effect on the initial operations of the battle on the front opposite the tunnel. Soldiers of the 30th American Infantry Division and the 15th Australian Brigade (5th Australian Division) at the southern entrance of the Bellicourt Tunnel at Riqueval near Bellicourt. It was captured by the 30th American Division on 29 September 1918. (Photographed 4 October 1918). Main assault of 29 September Brigadier General J V Campbell addressing troops of the 137th Brigade (46th Division) from the Riqueval Bridge over the St Quentin Canal The battle was preceded by the greatest British artillery bombardment of the war. Some 1,600 guns were deployed (1,044 field guns and 593 heavy guns and howitzers), firing almost one million shells over a comparatively short period of time. Included in these were more than 30,000 mustard gas shells (the first use of a British-made version of this weapon). These were specifically targeted at headquarters and groups of batteries. Many of the high explosive shells fired had special fuses which made them very effective in destroying the German barbed wire.
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Which came first, cars or roads? Today, we seem to have a vicious circle. As soon as new roads are built by our governments, they are filled with cars, so that more roads must be constructed. This race between roads and cars seems destined to go on for ever, unless the wasteful use of oil for cars is banned by some international agreement. Unfortunately, however, the chances of our reaching such an agreement are very slim indeed. Historically, the Romans were the first to bring their roads with them. Given the conditions I which they had to travel, it is a wonder that the Romans travelled at all. You can certainly sympathize with their occasional desire to stop at a fort or two. The Romans forts were, indeed, the first service stations. The Roman roads were an act of faith: namely, sooner or later there would be a point reach. The Romans would certainly have sympathized with the builders of the Humber Bridge who were accused (and still are) of building a bridge to nowhere. However, at least with a bridge you know when you have got there, no matter how pointless getting to the order bank seems to be. But with a road where do you stop? It all seems fairly arbitrary. This was probably the real reason for the expansion of the Roman Empireーthe road builders simply did not know where to halt. Had the Romans thought about it, the fall of their empire could have been avoided. The problem was the trouble-free maintenance of their roads. A few obstacles placed along the roads leading to the capital would have stopped the invaders. It is one of the ironies of history that their talent for good maintenance of roads led the Romans to their own destruction. Every time I baked or cooked anything, Daddy was going to have his life insured. I tried to feed them to the dog but he refused to ruin his health.
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When a liquid travels along a tube, it may do so in either of two ways.It may travel by means of laminar flow or turbulent flow. These two forms of flow can be demonstrated by an experiment in which a very fine stream of coloured ink is injected into a tube of water. When the pressure of this jet of ink is at the correct level, the ink will form a uniform stream which passes through the water without mixing with it. It remains a separate layer,or lamina of liquid --hence the term laminar flow--and the force of the liquid is used to push it forward through the water. None of the force is used to push the liquid sideways into the water. However,if the pressure of the flow of ink is increased beyond a certain value,the ink will mix with the water as soon as it enters the tube. Much of the force of the liquid is in this case used in side-to-side movement in mixing with the water and striking the side of the tube. The ink becomes thoroughly mixed with the water, and in this case the flow is known as turbulent flow. Various factors will determine whether the flow of liquid through a tube will be turbulent or laminar. As will be seen if the pressure of the ink is increased as it enters the waterm the greater the force of the liquid, the more likely turbulence is to occur. If the experiment is carried out that the diameter of the tube has an effect on whether laminar or turbulent flow takes place. It will be found that turbulent flow is more likely to occur as the tube becomes narrower. Thirdly, if the diameter of the tube is irregular, or if the tube is bent, turbulent flow is more likely to occur than in a uniform diameter tube. 上記の文を読んで、以下の問に英語で答えてください。お願いします。 1A.What is likely to happen if the diameter of the tube is reduced? 1B.What is likely to happen if the diameter of the tube is increased? 2.How many different factors can influence whether the flow of liquid in a tube is laminar or turbulent? 3.What does the force of the liquid do when the flow is laminar?
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It was long thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress or spicy foods. This common belief was eventually refuted in 1983, when Dr.Barry J. Marshall and Dr. J. Robin Warren made a startling breakthrough. In 2005, they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their "discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and its role in gastriris and peptic ulcer disease." Although this bacterium was known to scientists as early as 1875, it was not initially associated with peptic ulcers because it was believed that no organism could live in the acidic environment of the stomach. The H. pylori bacterium, however, is one of the few organisms that can survive in such an environment thanks to the ammonia it secretes. The discovery that peptic ulcers are caused by the colonization of these organisms in the stomach suggested that peptic ulcers could be cured simply be getting rid of the bacteria. When an ulcer is found, the doctor performs a biopsy to determine whether the ulcer is cancerous or caused by the presence of H.pylori bacteria. If tests confirm that the ulcer is H.pylori-related, it is treated with drugs - two kinds of antibiotics - that kill the bacteria. Other drugs used to treat peptic ulcers include H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and antacids. These drugs reduce or neutralize the production of stomach acid, thereby promoting healing whatever the cause may be. H2 blockers are the pillar of the ulcer treatment. When histamine binds with H2 receptors, gastric acid secretion is stimulated. H2 blockers prevent this binding, and hence, prevent acid secretion. Proton pump inhibitors are the strongest of the drugs that suppress acid production by halting the mechanism that pumps the acid into the stomach. Antacids raise the pH level to reduce acid damage, and sucralfate is used to protect the stomach lining. Formerly, patients with peptic ulcers underwent surgical procedures to remove the ulcers, but the discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcers disease, coupled with the development of new drugs over the past 20 yesrs, has allowed 90% of patients to be cured of H.pylori-related peptic ulcers without any surgical procedures. These drugs are always used in combination because, when used alone, they neither H. pylori nor cure the ulcers, which may lead to the recurrence of the disease. Marshall and Warren's discovery, along with these revolutionary new drugs, is making life far less painful for thousands of ulcer sufferers.
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The Sherifial Force commanded by Nuri Bey had advanced along the Hejaz railway on the right flank of the 5th Cavalry Division. Nuri Bey launched an attack, which may have included armoured cars, on the entrenched Ottoman position south of Aleppo on 25 October. This Sherifial Force was driven back by heavy fire from guns, machine guns and rifles all along the line of Mustapha Kemal's defences. Nuri Bey's Sherifial Force was joined by a second Sherifial Force of 1,500 Hejaz Arab troops commanded by Sherif Nasir which Prince Feisal had ordered to advance from Homs to Aleppo. Meanwhile, the 15th Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade caught up with the armoured cars at Zi'bre 13 miles (21 km) south west of Aleppo. They relieved the armoured cars on outpost duty during the evening of 25 October while Column "B" of the 5th Cavalry Division reached Seraikin about 30 miles (48 km) south of Aleppo. Macandrew planned an attack on the city from three sides to take place on 26 October. The armoured cars were to attack along the road from the south, Prince Feisal's Sherifial forces were to attack from the east while the 15th Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade moving round to the west of Aleppo was to cut the Alexandretta road. However, during the night of 25 October, Nuri Bey's Arab Sherifial Force attacked the city from the east, and the Arab force commanded by Sherif Nazir advanced round the entrenched Ottoman defences, entered the city to make contact with supporters. Hand–to–hand fighting occurred in the streets during the night. In the confusion Mustapha Kemal withdrew his headquarters out of the city, losing touch with his force defending the entrenchments to the south of Aleppo. By the morning of 26 October these defences were deserted. Aleppo had been captured by the Sherifial Forces by 10:00 on 26 October, having suffering 60 killed. MacAndrew arrived shortly after with the armoured cars. Part of Macandrew's preempted attack on Aleppo, went ahead at 07:00 on 26 October when the Jodhpore and Mysore lancer regiments of the 15th Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade without artillery support, but with a subsection of the 15th Machine Gun Squadron, advanced to the Alexandretta road on the edge of Aleppo. They continued on to Haritan where they twice charged a rearguard but they were strongly resisted forcing the cavalry to eventually retire. The Ottoman force also retired to establish a rearguard position at Deir el Jemal with an extensive 25 miles (40 km)-long line of defence 4 miles (6.4 km) behind the Deir el Jemal position. The Ottoman forces now defending what remained of the Ottoman Empire consisted of the remnant of the Seventh Army commanded by Mustapha Kemal which had escaped the Megiddo battlefield, the captures of Damascus and Aleppo, was now deployed to the north and northwest of Aleppo with the Second Army of about 16,000 armed troops commanded by Nihad Pasha to the west in Cilicia while the Sixth Army with another 16,000 armed troops commanded by Ali Ihsan, which had been withdrawn from Mesopotamia was to the northeast around Nusaybin.
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至急！数学の英文問題です。以下の３問の意味が分かりません。 どれか１つでも良いのでどなたか教えてください。よろしくお願いします。 ・Add up the numbers you get for the valences of the vertices in Figure 1.6. ・Draw a connected graph with five vertices, all of whose vertices have valence 2. ・For some services provided along streets, it may matter whether the roads are one-way or two way. In which of the following examples do the street directions matter for our graph model analysis? (Select all that apply.) a pizza delivery none of these a jogger's path sidewalk inspections garbage pickup routes driving time between points
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