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The scientists also suggest that wealthier individuals in the United States tend to be more informed about skin cancer, and have better access to health care.
If the increase in cases is a by-product of medical advances, then most newly diagnosed melanoma patients should come from wealthier social groups, they reasoned.
When the authors compared the number of melanomas reported in the periods 1988-1992 and 1998-2002, they found that incidence doubled for all socioeconomic groups over the 10-year period separating these two data sets.
These two findings together show that the rise in cases of melanoma is real, and not only attributable to improved screening, says Linos.
"I am not really surprised by these findings," says cancer epidemiologist Jan Willem Coebergh of the Erasmus University Medical Centre in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Whereas the debate may continue in the United States, most European researchers have already agreed that there is a genuine rise in cases, he says.
He adds, however, that "it is not ever possible to completely resolve the debate" as improved screening probably also plays a part.
Linos proposes that there are several reasons for the increased risk.
"Over the past 100 years, people are really changing the amount of time they spend in the sun, the clothes they wear, and whether their hobbies and work are indoor or outdoor," she says.
Other causes may include a thinning of the ozone layer, resulting in increased exposure to ultraviolet light, or a longer-term increase in the genetic susceptibility to cancer, she adds.
For now, Linos says, the best way to reduce the risks from melanoma is to wear sunscreen, cover up, and catch tumours early: "Greater awareness that this is a growing issue is the key."
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