発見された新種の動物「A.ramidus」に関する要点
- 1992年、チームメンバーのGen Suwaがエチオピアのアラミス村近くでA.ramidusの最初の標本を発見しました。
- 2年以内に、合計17個の化石から最初の記事が作成され、動物の名前と大まかな説明がなされました。
- A.ramidusの骨の一部から、固有の特徴や生息環境についても多くの情報が得られました。
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http://okwave.jp/qa/q7735379.htmlの続きです In 1992, team member Gen Suwa found the first specimen of A.ramidus near the Ethiopian village of Aramis. Within two years, enough fossils had been found to produce the first article that named and sketchily described the animal, from a total of 17 fossils. Some researchers have complained how long it has taken to publish work about the fossils. But Berhane Asfaw, a co-director of the Middle Awash Project at the Rift Valley Research Service in Addis Ababa, says : “We weren’t interested in how many papers we could publish. Our interest was in the full chain of information ; that produces the power of the work.” From more than 135000 vertebrate bone or tooth pieces, the team identified 110 as being from A.ramidus, representing a minimum of 36 individuals. The fossil come from a sediment layer sandwiched between two layers of volcanic rock known as tuff ― each dated to 4.4 million years ago, says a team led by Giday Wolde Gabriel, of Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Fossils in the sediments include plants, pollen, invertebrates and birds, which helped to pinpoint the woodland environment where Ardi lived. Years of field work uncovered Ardi’s skull, teeth, arms, hands, pelvis, legs and feet ― all of which had to be painstakingly prepared. Ardi’s skull was recovered crushed in more than 60 pieces that were broken and scattered about. The bone was poorly fossilized ― so soft that each piece had to be moulded in a silicon rubber cast then digitized by computed tomography scans. Ardi’s hands and wrists don’t show several distinctive chimp characteristics, such as some larger bones and a tendon ‘shock absorber’ system to withstand bodyweight, says team member Owen Lovejoy of Kent State University in Ohio. The foot, with its big toe sticking out sideways, would have allowed Ardi to clamber in trees, walking along branches on her palms. And her teeth show no tusk-like upper canines, which most apes have for weapons or display during conflict. “This is a major feature showing that Ardi is not in the lineage of modern chimps,” Suwa says. 長いですがよろしくお願いします＾＾；
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1992年、諏訪元のチームメンバーはエチオピアのアラミス村の近くでラミダス猿人の最初の標本を発見しました。 2年以内に合計17もの化石から、ネーミングとどのような獣類であるかを説明した最初の論文を作成するのに十分な数の化石が発見されました。 何人かの研究者は化石についての研究にいったいどのぐらいかけるのかと不満をもらしていました。 しかし、アジスアベバ、リフトバレーリサーチサービスの「ミドルアワッシュプロジェクト」の共同ディレクター、Berhane Asfaw は言います「私たちは何枚の論文を発表できるかなんてことには興味がなかったのです。私たちの興味は情報の完全な一元化、それが研究のパワーの源でした。」 135000以上の脊椎動物の歯や骨の部分から、チームは110個をラミダス猿人のものであろうと特定し、それらは少なくとも36人の違った個人を意味していました。 化石はそれぞれが4.4万年前のものとされる凝灰岩の2つの火山岩の層に挟まれた堆積層から出てきている、とニューメキシコ州ロスアラモス国立研究所 ギディウォルデガブリエル率いるチームは言います。 堆積物の中の化石は植物、花粉、無脊椎動物、鳥類を含んでおり、それらがアルディ（※ラミダス猿人の愛称、女性と推定されています）が住んでいた森林地帯とその周りの環境を正確に示すのに役に立ちました。 長年にわたる現地調査は、アルディの頭蓋骨、歯、腕、手、骨盤、脚、そして踝から下の部分を発見しましたーそれらはすべて慎重に下処理をしなければならなかったのです。 アルディの頭蓋骨は壊されバラバラに散乱していた60以上のぐちゃぐちゃに交じり合ったものを修復しました。 骨は不完全に化石化していましたーとてもやわらかかったので、それぞれのピースをシリコンゴムの包帯でぴったりくっつけ、それからCTスキャンによって（画像を）デジタル化しました。 アルディの手や手首には、体重を支える為の「ショックアブソーバー（衝撃吸収）システム」の役割をするいくつかの大きな骨や腱といった、さまざまなチンパンジー独特の特徴が見られなかった。とオハイオのケント州立大学オーウェン・ラブジョイのチームメンバーは言います。 両側に突き出た大きなつま先をもつ足で、アルディは指で枝をつかみながらの木登りが可能だったのです。 そして彼女の歯にはほとんどの類人猿が戦いの最中武器として使ったり威圧として見せる、上顎犬歯のような牙がありません。 諏訪は「これがアルディが現代のチンパンジーの系統ではないことを示す主な特徴です」と述べています。
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