画像処理本において示されているthatの意味を知りたい
- 画像処理本においてthatが示す内容を知りたい。
- タイトル: 画像処理本のthatとは何を意味するのか？
- 画像処理本において示されているthatについて詳細を知りたい。
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ある英文のthatが示すものを知りたい
とある事情で画像処理に関して英語の本を読んで翻訳している者です。 その本の中で何を示すのか分からないthatがあったので、この度投稿しました。 以下の文章の最後の文の後ろの"that"になります ----------------------------------------------------------- When computer vision first started out in the early 1970s, it was viewed as the visual perception component of an ambitious agenda to mimic human intelligence and to endow robots with intelligent behavior. At the time, it was believed by some of the early pioneers of artificial intelligence and robotics (at places such as MIT, Stanford, and CMU) that solving the “visual input” problem would be an easy step along the path to solving more difficult problems such as higher-level reasoning and planning. According to one well-known story, in 1966, Marvin Minsky at MIT asked his undergraduate student Gerald Jay Sussman to “spend the summer linking a camera to a computer and getting the computer to describe what it saw” (Boden 2006, p. 781).^5 We now know that the problem is slightly more difficult than that.^6 ---------------------------- 5 Boden (2006) cites (Crevier 1993) as the original source. The actual Vision Memo was authored by Seymour Papert (1966) and involved a whole cohort of students. 6 To see how far robotic vision has come in the last four decades, have a look at the towel-folding robot at http://rll.eecs.berkeley.edu/pr/icra10/ (Maitin-Shepard, Cusumano-Towner, Lei et al. 2010). ----------------------------------------------------------- ちなみに最後の2文の翻訳がうまくできず、以下のURLに示すような質問をしたことがあります。 http://okwave.jp/qa/q7543665.html 全体的にうまく翻訳できてない自分がいうのもなんですが、最後のthatは参考資料6のことを示しているのではないかと思ってます。リンク先がなくなってますが… 分かる方、ご回答、宜しくお願い致します。 また、よろしければでいいのですが、文全体の自然な翻訳をしていただけると幸いです。
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全体を和訳してみましょう。 コンピューターによる画像処理が始まった1970年代前半、それは人間の知性を模倣し、ロボットに知性的行動をさせようとする野心的な課題の、単なる視覚的構成要素とみなされていた。 当時、人工知能とロボット工学の先駆者たちは、画像入力の問題は、高度な論理的思考や計画作成といったより困難で高レベルな問題を解く道筋状にある簡単な一過程に過ぎないと信じていた。これは有名な話だが、1966年、MITのマーヴィン・ミンスキーは学生のジェラルド・サスマンに声を掛けて、夏の間にカメラとコンピューターを結んで、コンピューターがカメラで見た物を表示できるようにしておいてくれ、と頼んだ。今では、この問題は、もう少し困難な物であることが分かっている。 thatはミンスキーの言葉が示唆する楽観的な見方を指しているとみるべきでしょう。 すこし違約すれば 「今では、画像処理の問題は、ミンスキーが考えていたほど簡単ではないことが分かっている。」
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これは、ミンスキーが言った“spend the summer linking a camera to a computer and getting the computer to describe what it saw”、特にその中の linking a camera to a computer and getting the computer to describe what it saw だと思います。 ですからそれ（＝カメラをコンピュータに繋いで、コンピュータに見たものを叙述させること）よりも、少々難しい問題だ、と言う事が今では分かっている。 もちろん「少々難しい」と言うのは「それどころか、ものすごく難しい」と言う意味である事は申し上げる間でもありません。
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関連するQ&A
- thatとandについて
同時に二つの質問をさせていただきたいと思います。 一つ目はthatについてです。 高校の教科書を読んでいて次の文章が出てきました。 Every October, hundreds of thousands of albatrosses returned to the island to breed. There were so many of them "that" at a distance they looked like fallen snow. このような文章なのですが、この文章の"that"の意味が分からず、後半の文章が訳せません。 二つ目はandについてです。 こちらも文章を例に挙げます。 I "was" surrounded by nature and "was" always fascinated by birds and fish. こちらの文章は I "was" surrounded by nature and I"was" always fascinated by birds and fish. ということだと思っていて、納得がいきます。 もう一つの文章を例に挙げます。 Japanese researcher like you "to" study and protect it. こちらの文章ではなぜ Japanese researcher like you "to" study and "to" protect it. にはならないのでしょうか。 もし省略するが普通なのであればなぜ最初のwasが省略されないのでしょうか？ すごい初心者な質問かもしれませんが、教えてください
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Erroneous reports to the Belgian and British commanders before dawn on 8 October, that forts 1, 2 and 4 had fallen, led to a decision that if they were not recaptured, the inner line would be abandoned at dusk and the defenders withdrawn to the city ramparts. The ramparts were earth parapets with shelters underneath and had caponiers protruding on the flanks, with moats 60 yards (55 m) wide and 10–15 feet (3.0–4.6 m) deep in front. The Belgian and British commanders decided to continue the defence of Antwerp with the garrison troops and move the Belgian 2nd Division and the British troops across the Scheldt, when the erroneous report was corrected and it was decided that if forts 1 and 2 were lost, the Royal Naval Division would withdraw at dusk. News arrived that the forts had fallen at 5:00 p.m. and orders were sent to the Belgian 2nd Division and the British to retire. The Belgian division withdrew in stages between 6:30 p.m. and 8:00 p.m. and crossed the Scheldt by 11:30 p.m. The British began to retire at 7:00 p.m. but the orders failed to reach all of the 1st Naval Brigade, only one battalion of which withdrew. At 9:30 p.m. the mistake was realised as the rest of the division began to cross the river from 10:00–11:30 p.m. and moved west parallel to the Dutch frontier. The 1st Naval Brigade reached the Scheldt at midnight, only to find that the bridges were being demolished and under a German shrapnel bombardment. The troops crossed using barges and boats and set out for a rendezvous at Zwijndrecht, which was reached at 4:00 a.m. on 9 October. The British moved on to Sint-Gillis-Waas, where information arrived that the Germans had cut the railway at Moerbeke. The British commander Commodore Henderson, decided to head for the Dutch border to the north and at 10:00 p.m. c. 1,500 men, half the original complement were interned and about forty stragglers managed to sneak along the border and escape. The British forces in Belgium were instructed on 8 October to cover the retirement of the Belgians and British from Antwerp to Ghent, Zelzate, Ostend, Torhout and Diksmuide and then join the left flank of the BEF, as it advanced into Flanders. On 9 October most of the 7th Division moved to join the French and Belgian forces at Ghent, as the 3rd Cavalry Division and the rest of the 7th Division assembled at Bruges; the French 87th Territorial Division was ordered to stop its move to Antwerp at Poperinghe. The British forces came under the command of the BEF as IV Corps, with the 8th Division once it arrived from England (11 November). The BEF II Corps was assembling at Abbeville and Rawlinson, the commander of the new IV Corps, was instructed to hold on at Ghent for as long as possible. The retirement from Antwerp proceeded satisfactorily and no German troops were seen west of Aalst, 15 miles (24 km) south-east of Ghent.
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By comparing someone's DNA to that found at the scene of a crime, it is possible to prove that he or she was there. to that以下found at the scene of a crimeがsomeone's DNAを修飾しているのですよね？ そうするとtoだけでいいのではないでしょうか？thatって必要でしょうか？
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So the 1/1 Brigade was allowed to reach the vicinity of the town at 17:00. In Sector I, Major Hammerstein's detachment entered the forest at 10:00, where it met very weak Romanian vanguards that were swiftly pushed back. During the afternoon it took fort 1 in the face of more determined Romanian resistance, then continued advancing until it was lined up next to the 4th Division. The only way the garrison could now be saved was with help from outside forces, and as early as 5 September general Aslan ordered the commander of the 9th Division, General Besarabescu, to advance decisively from Silistra and relieve the besieged town.
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In this I was successful; I received invitations to lecture at universities and research institutes; and during the convivial occasions that followed, my hosts confessed why they found it difficult to write. この英文は長文の一部なのですが、that followedのところが文法的によくわかりません。that followedを無視して考えると次のように訳せるはず（？）と思うのですが・・・ 「この中で、私は成功しました。つまり、私は大学、研究機関で講義するための招待を受けたわけです。そして、宴会の席で、主催者はなぜ彼らは、書くことが難しいと思っているか、ということを告白しました。」 はじめぱっと読んだとき、thatは関係代名詞だと思ったのですがよく考えるとおかしい感じがして気になっています。 どなたか分かる方がいましたら、 どうしてもわからないので、教えてください。よろしくお願いします。
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Finally, Evans argued that it is untrue that Versailles caused the premature end of the Republic, instead contending that it was the Great Depression of the early 1930s that put an end to German democracy. He also argued that Versailles was not the "main cause" of National Socialism and the German economy was "only marginally influenced by the impact of reparations". Ewa Thompson points out that the treaty allowed numerous nations in Central and Eastern Europe to liberate themselves from oppressive German rule, a fact that is often neglected by Western historiography, more interested in understanding the German point of view. In nations that found themselves free as the result of the treaty—such as Poles or Czechs—it is seen as a symbol of recognition of wrongs committed against small nations by their much larger aggressive neighbours. Regardless of modern strategic or economic analysis, resentment caused by the treaty sowed fertile psychological ground for the eventual rise of the Nazi Party.[citation needed] The German historian Detlev Peukert wrote that Versailles was far from the impossible peace that most Germans claimed it was during the interwar period, and though not without flaws was actually quite reasonable to Germany. Rather, Peukert argued that it was widely believed in Germany that Versailles was a totally unreasonable treaty, and it was this "perception" rather than the "reality" of the Versailles treaty that mattered. Peukert noted that because of the "millenarian hopes" created in Germany during World War I when for a time it appeared that Germany was on the verge of conquering all of Europe, any peace treaty the Allies of World War I imposed on the defeated German Reich were bound to create a nationalist backlash, and there was nothing the Allies could have done to avoid that backlash. Having noted that much, Peukert commented that the policy of rapprochement with the Western powers that Gustav Stresemann carried out between 1923 and 1929 were constructive policies that might have allowed Germany to play a more positive role in Europe, and that it was not true that German democracy was doomed to die in 1919 because of Versailles. Finally, Peukert argued that it was the Great Depression and the turn to a nationalist policy of autarky within Germany at the same time that finished off the Weimar Republic, not the Treaty of Versailles. French historian Raymond Cartier states that millions of Germans in the Sudetenland and in Posen-West Prussia were placed under foreign rule in a hostile environment, where harassment and violation of rights by authorities are documented.
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ある大学の学生です． とある事情で画像処理に関して英語の本を読んで翻訳しています． その本の中で自然な文章に翻訳できないところがあったので，このたび投稿させていただきました． 以下の文章です． ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- According to one well-known story, in 1966, Marvin Minsky at MIT asked his undergraduate student Gerald Jay Sussman to “spend the summer linking a camera to a computer and getting the computer to describe what it saw” (Boden 2006, p. 781). We now know that the problem is slightly more difficult than that. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 特に””の中の文章がうまく訳せません． 辞書などで意味を調べてもガタガタな意訳になっていまして… 翻訳できる方，ご回答よろしくお願い致します． ある文章の一文という文章の全貌が分からない状態で申し訳ございませんが… あと当方、文法が苦手なので，文章の主語や動詞、文型など簡単な文法の説明を頂けると幸いです． なくても全然大丈夫ですけど ご回答、宜しくお願い致します。
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The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I. The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties. Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919. Of the many provisions in the treaty, one of the most important and controversial required "Germany [to] accept the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage" during the war (the other members of the Central Powers signed treaties containing similar articles). This article, Article 231, later became known as the War Guilt clause. The treaty required Germany to disarm, make ample territorial concessions, and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers. In 1921 the total cost of these reparations was assessed at 132 billion marks (then $31.4 billion or ￡6.6 billion, roughly equivalent to US $442 billion or UK ￡284 billion in 2018). At the time economists, notably John Maynard Keynes (a British delegate to the Paris Peace Conference), predicted that the treaty was too harsh—a "Carthaginian peace"—and said the reparations figure was excessive and counter-productive, views that, since then, have been the subject of ongoing debate by historians and economists from several countries. On the other hand, prominent figures on the Allied side such as French Marshal Ferdinand Foch criticized the treaty for treating Germany too leniently. The result of these competing and sometimes conflicting goals among the victors was a compromise that left no one content: Germany was neither pacified nor conciliated, nor was it permanently weakened. The problems that arose from the treaty would lead to the Locarno Treaties, which improved relations between Germany and the other European powers, and the re-negotiation of the reparation system resulting in the Dawes Plan, the Young Plan, and the indefinite postponement of reparations at the Lausanne Conference of 1932. Although it is often referred to as the "Versailles Conference", only the actual signing of the treaty took place at the historic palace. Most of the negotiations were in Paris, with the "Big Four" meetings taking place generally at the Quai d'Orsay.
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Success on the Somme came at a cost which at times seemed to surpass the cost of failure, and for the Australians, Pozières was such a case. As a consequence of being the sole British gain on 23 July, Pozières became a focus of attention for the Germans. Forming as it did a critical element of their defensive system, the German command ordered that it be retaken at all costs. Three attempts were made on 23 July but each was broken up by the British artillery or swept away by machine gun fire. Communication was as difficult for the Germans as it was for the British, and it was not until 7:00 a.m. 24 July that they discovered that Pozières had been captured.
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英文添削お願いします。 On October Second ‘10 I had a holiday and went to car dealer. First, I went to Toyota to see Estima. As soon as I went there, I did test-drive one. It was comfortable, but it wasn’t more comfortable Alfard and Velfire. When all of salesman find I decided to buy a car, they surve me with the greatest survice. After Toyota, I went to Honda. But there was not a car I wanted. When I was about to leave the shop, the salesman tried to prevent me from leaving there by this way and that. When I was feeling an awkward situation, my mobile phone rang at a good timing. It called from Toyota and told me to leave my bag. I left there at once and came back Toyota to receive it. As soon as I arrived at there, the salesman brought my bag to me. I felt I was lucky, as I left the shop. If I left it another place, it wouldn’t come back me.
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