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Elderly Can Recover Skills with Instruction and Practice
- The elderly can recover the required skills and perform as well as the younger person, expect in those few cases in which the memory loss has a physical cause.
- Even when the old have stored material in memory effectively, they often have trouble retrieving it from memory.
- The problem seems to be in the use of inefficient strategies, search strategies in this case, rather than a lack of capacity or ability.
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- 下記の英文を訳してくれる方はいませんか？
The mature years According to a popular stereotype, the accumulated experience of the elderly makes them wise and valued advisers. However, research has shown that in fact the most highly valued adviser is the middle-aged person in the range from5 to 55 years of age. Even the old prefer the advice of the middle-aged. お願いします。
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Failing health Old age is a time of failing health. Over half the elderly have lost their teeth; over half have problems with vision; about half have chronic health problems that limit their activities; and over a fourth have problems with hearing (Kalish, 1975). In addition, serious conditions such as arthritis, rheumatism, high blood pressure, and heart disease are more prevalent, and seven out of eight old people have chronic conditions of some kind (Bengtson & Haber, 1975). On top of all this, their incomes are lower and their health costs are higher than at younger ages. お願いします。
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Reality contradicts the positive stereotypes so often that they cannot be accepted as the norms of old age. However, the positive stereotypes are actualized in enough elderly persons to warn us against acceptance of the analogous negative stereotypes. Rather than stereotypes, we need the facts about aging. お願いします。
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According to another stereotype, a major crisis occurs in middle age, the “mid-life crisis.” However, psychologists have not been able to agree when it occurs, some arguing for the 20s, some for the 60s, and others for every age in between. Furthermore, they disagree about the nature of this crisis. One might suspect, then, that the concept lacks a firm basis of facts. Supporting this suspicion, a recent study showed that middle age is actually the best period of adulthood. Feelings of alienation, powerlessness, meaninglessness, and disengagement were most prevalent in young adulthood and least prevalent in middle age. The elderly group in the study was intermediate. お願いします。
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The picture is complicated because some persons carry over their work-related tasks into retirement, and some workers see the leisure after retirement as their just reward. Finally, “it seems entirely possible that, given sufficient income and transportation, the elderly who are in good health would willingly make use of whatever sources of leisure entertainment were available without longing for work” (Kalish,1975, p. 115). Retirement then is task for the society as well as for elderly persons. お願いします。
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Men undergo no critical stage like menopause, and may remain fertile throughout middle and old age. Physiological changes occur, however, and affect sexual functioning. Sexual activity usually drops in frequency in middle and old age, but it still occurs even in old age, in spite of the stereotype of old age as sexless (except for "dirty old men"). お願いします。
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Cognitive ability Old age is a time in which some cognitive powers wane, although others do not, at least not until a few years before death. Let’s examine what is known about memory and intelligence of the elderly. お願いします。
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The stage theory of dying was developed by psychiatrist Elizabeth Kubler-Ross from interviews with a large number of terminally ill persons. However, her methods of collecting and interpreting the data have been questioned, and she has been criticized for failing to consider such demographic variables as nature or the disease, sex of the patient, race, developmental level, and cognitive style (Kastenbaum, 1975). Thus, the usefulness and generality of the theory are questionable. However, her research has forced others to be concerned, with the psychology of dying. お願いします。
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Close-up Morality and Social Activism “While one may be grateful that feelings of personal alienation have apparently decreased since the late 1960s, one may also express regret that despite its understandability, some of the best aspects (as opposed to some of the more unrealistic and destructive aspects) of the activism of the 1960s – its idealism and active concern for other individuals and for the world in which we live- seem to have been attenuated in the process. In the election of November 1974, participation of the 12 million eighteen – to twenty – year – olds was only 21 percent, the lowest for any eligible age group. お願いします。
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Perhaps the most disturbing thing about the empty nest, however, is that it is a sign that youth has gone. This sign, together with the evidence confronted in the mirror and the menopause, which occurs at about the same time as the empty nest, make the loss of youth impossible to deny. Given the worship of youthfulness in our society, especially youthfulness in woman, the effect is a real crisis. Of little comfort to the present generation, the declining birth rate and increasing longevity have combined to increase the average age of Americans to 29 years. If the trends continue, our ideal may also mature. お願いします。
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- ロイヤルパークホテル東京のシンフォニー前にある飾りについてご紹介します。
- 滝の前に置かれた飾りには、花瓶やバッグの要素が含まれています。
- この飾りはユニークで魅力的なデザインで、ホテル内外の人々に親しまれています。
お礼
ありがとうございます。 助かりました。