統計に関する英語論文のレクチャー

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  • 歩行速度は、歩行の不安定性を特徴づけるためによく使用されます。
  • 研究では、歩行条件下の記述的なデータを分析し、歩行速度とストライド速度の変動性の違いを調査しました。
  • 統計的に有意な違いがあると結論づけられました。
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統計関係の英語翻訳について Gait velocity, while less powerful an indicator of gait instability than stride variability [3], is commonly used to characterize dynamic gait kinematics. Descriptive data (mean ± SD) across walking conditions were calculated. Two 2 × 2 mixed model analyses of variance (ANOVAs) having one between-subjects factor (group: younger and older subjects) and one within-subjects factor (condition: normal and dual task walking) were conducted to analyze differences in mean gait velocity and variability in stride velocity (α = 0.05). Post hoc t-tests with the Bonferroni-adjusted α were conducted when necessary to identify the comparisons that were statistically significant. って文章があるのですが、 一方でストライドの変動性よりも歩行の不安定性の指標として強力でない歩行速度は、通常、動的な運動学的歩行を特徴付けるために使われる。 歩行条件下において記述的なデータ（平均±標準偏差）が計算された 被験者間の要因（グループ：若者・高齢の被験者）と被験者内の要因（条件：通常と二重課題歩行）がある２×２の混合モデルの分散分析は 歩行速度の平均とストライド速度の変動性の違いの分析へ導く。 比較を確認する必要がある時、・・・統計学的に有意があると導かれた。 くらいしか訳せなくて、意味があまりつかめておりません。 もし分かる方おりましたら教えて下さい。

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noname#202629
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回答No.1

門外です。回答者がいませんでしたので、参考にでもなればと思い挑戦してみました。 Gait velocity, while less powerful an indicator of gait instability than stride variability　is commonly used to characterize dynamic gait kinematics. 歩行速度は、大したものであるとは言えないが、歩幅のバラ付き以上に歩行の不安定性を指標として、力学上の歩行運動学を特徴付けるために一般的に使われる。 Descriptive data (mean ± SD) across walking conditions were calculated. 歩行条件下において記述的なデータ（平均±標準偏差）が計算された Two 2 × 2 mixed model analyses of variance (ANOVAs) having one between-subjects factor (group: younger and older subjects) and one within-subjects factor (condition: normal and dual task walking) were conducted to analyze differences in mean gait velocity and variability in stride velocity (α = 0.05). 二組を２×２とした混合モデルの分散分析は、1組の被験者間因子（グループ：若者と高齢の被験者）と、もう一組の被験者内（条件：通常と二重課題歩行）が、中間の歩行速度と歩幅速度におけるバラつき(α = 0.05)の 違いを分析するために実施された。 Post hoc t-tests with the Bonferroni-adjusted α were conducted when necessary to identify the comparisons that were statistically significant. T-テストの事後で、満足に値する有意義な比較を特定しないといけない場合は、ボンフェローニの調整値αが導入された。

kiseki0327
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ありがとうございます！

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  • yakamashi
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回答No.2

> Gait velocity, while less powerful an indicator of gait instability than stride variability [3], is commonly used to characterize dynamic gait kinematics. Gait velocity is commonly used to characterize dynamic gait kinematics.　が本文。ここに挿入句 while less powerful an indicator of gait instability than stride variability = while an indicator of gait instability is less powerful than stride variability がはさまっている格好。 歩行の不安定性を示す指標は歩幅の変動より弱い指標ではあるが、歩行速度は一般的に動的歩行運動を記述するために用いられる。 > Descriptive data (mean ± SD) across walking conditions were calculated. 様々な歩行条件においての、平均とばらつきを表す正規分布データが計算された。 ＊mean±SDが示そうとしているのは、母集団の平均とばらつきであり、この時データは正規分布していなければ意味が無い。なのでこういう訳にしてみました。ちょっと意訳です。 > Two 2 × 2 mixed model analyses of variance (ANOVAs) having one between-subjects factor (group: younger and older subjects) and one within-subjects factor (condition: normal and dual task walking) were conducted to analyze differences in mean gait velocity and variability in stride velocity (α => 0.05). 2X2混合モデルにおいて、被験者グループ間の変動（若年者と老年者ではどう違うか）と、被験者内の変動（同じ被験者でも通常歩行と二重課題歩行ではどう違うか）を示す分散分析を、平均歩行速度の違いと平均ストライド速度の違いを分析するために1回ずつ（計2回）行った。（危険率を5％とした） ＊被験者グループ間の変動：これを「群間変動」と言う。 ＊被験者内の変動：これを「群内変動」と言う。 ＊そもそも分散分析という検定法は多群を比較して平均値に差があるかどうかを見るものである。その際、群間変動と郡内変動の比を検定するものなのである。 この文は「2X2混合モデルにおいて、歩行速度とストライド速度の分散分析を行った」と言えばすむ話なのにずいぶん余計なことを書いている。 > Post hoc t-tests with the Bonferroni-adjusted α were conducted when necessary to identify the comparisons that were statistically significant. どの比較に有意差があるか特定する必要がある場合（どの群とどの群の間に有意差があるのか知りたい場合）は、ボンフェリーニ法により有意差水準αを補正した多重比較（ポストホックテスト）が行われた。 ＊ボンフェリーニ補正をした多重比較は、そういうときに行うものなので、これまた当たり前の事を書いているに過ぎない。 どっちにしても、統計における検定の意味を理解していないとなんだかわからないんじゃないか。 結局何が書いてあるかというと、 １．若年被験者と高齢の被験者を集めて ２．全員に、通常歩行と二重課題歩行という2種類の歩き方で歩いてもらい ３．歩行速度とストライド速度のデータを取った。 ４．2X2混合モデル＝4群（若者X普通、若者X二重、老人X普通、老人X二重）の正規分布データが得られた。 ５．これを比較するために分散分析をしたよ。 ６．どこに有意差があるか知るためにポストホックテストしたよ。

kiseki0327
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ありがとうございます！

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  • 英語論文翻訳お願いします

    The Vo2 max did not rise significantly despite increases in leg strength and muscular endurance. Potential reasons for this lack improvement are the complex interaction of multiple disease processes, inadequate duration or intensity of training or the diminished end organ response to exercise training in the frail elderly. The exercise subjects did on average maintain an adequate heart rate response during aerobic training, achieving 82% of their exercise-tested maximal heart rate 35. The duration of 20 min three times weekly may have been suboptimal, with some authors recommending 30 min of aerobic training three times weekly for elderly individuals 36 37. Twenty minutes is considered to be the minimal time necessary to obtain an aerobic response 38. These results are consistent with the conclusion of vase et al 34. That it is difficult to improve aerobic capacity in mild to moderately impaired and deconditioned nursing home residents. In addition, it must be noted that attainment of an accurate Vo2 max depends heavily on subjective factors such as muscle fatigue, perceived exhaustion, level of motivation and the examiner’s willingness to allow subjects to reach exhaustion. A true Vo2 max may therefore be difficult to obtain in the frail elderly. The leg muscle frequently reach exhaustion before the cardiopulmonary system attains its maximal capacity and a valid Vo2 max is never achieved 36. Clinical mobility scores, as measured by the modified tinetti assessment scale, did improve significantly. Whether the improved Tinetti scores would be associated with improved activities of daily living or a decreased incidence of falls in the treated men remains to be learned. One participant in the exercise program who initially required the assistance of his arms to stand from a chair was able to the program. The two subjects who routinely used a cane or walker for added stability during ambulation continued to do so after completion of the exercise program. Although quantitative gait measurements demonstrated significant improvements in left-sided stride length and velocity with lesser increases in right-side stride length and velocity, other gait characteristics, namely stance time, gait duration and cadence, did not change significantly. Furthermore, balance measurements of total excursion revealed no significant changes with the eyes open or closed. These observations suggest that neurologic impairment may have been a more important cause than muscle weakness in causing the ambulatory difficulty of the subjects studied. On the other hand, exercise of greater intensity or longer duration requires testing before a coutributory role of weakness can be excluded. The finding of insignificant balance changes is consistent with results obtained in prior studies すみません… お願いします。

  • 英語論文の翻訳、長いですがお願いします。

    Protocols for the exercise and control groups Men randomized to the exercise group entered a progressive resistance lower extremity weight training and aerobic conditioning program at the ZVAMC Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Center . Weight training was conducted on a multipurpose weight machine (Marcy Gymnasinm Equipment Co . ) and aerobic conditioning was completed on stationary Air Dyne or cycle ergometers (Air Dyne & Ergo Metric Exercisor Models by Schwinn). Weight measurements were determined with a 23-kg load cell (Sensotec 31/143) and appropriate instrumentation (Sensotec HH). Exercise sessions were conducted 3 days a week for 12 wk totaling 36 sessions. Each session lasted between 45 and 75 min depending on the number of participants. All missed sessions were made up at a later date unless continuation was not possible because of medical or personal problems. Heart rates were continuously monitored by telemetry (Transkinetics TEM-4100)during the exercise sessions and estimated average heart rates were recorded during aerobic training. Each exercise session included : (1)a warm up of leisurely cycling for 3-5min , (2) aerobic exercise on either the Air Dyne or cycle ergometer, (3) strength training and (4) a warm down of cycling for 3-5 min. The aerobic exercise was performed for a duration of 20 min at a target heart rate of >70% of the exercise stress-tested maximal heart rate. The strength training was performed on the hip flexors, hip extensors, hip abductors, knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors. The hip muscle groups were exercised in succession with a standard weight and pulley system attached by a Velcro strap to the ankle with the subjects in a standing position. Four maneuvers were required for each extremity, totaling eight different hip exercise. To exercise the knee extensors, the subjects were required to lift the training weight from a sitting position with 90°of knee flexion to full knee extension using both knees simultaneously. The ankle plantar flexors were exercise with the subjects standing, holding the training weight with arms and back straight, and rising from the foot flat position to maximum, defined as the most weight a subject could lift through a full range of motion one time, was determined for each of the muscle groups before the first exercise session. At the first session, the weight load was set at 40 to 60% of the one repetition maximum so tha the subjects could complete 10 repetitions. Sequential load adjustments were made in subsequent sessions to maintain a maximal fatigue level after completion of the 10 repetitions. The subjects rotated to three weight stations performing one set of 10 repetitions for each of the hip muscle groups and two sets of 10 repetitions for both the knee extensors and ankle plantar flexors. The order of weight training exercise varied depending on preference and station availability. Subjects assigned to the control group received usual care within the NHCU during the study period. When indicated , this care included maintenance physical therapy. No dietary limitations were imposed on either group. After completion of the study period, a subset of the control subjects in either group. After completion of the study period, a subset of the control subjects crossed over to the exercise group. Subjects in either group requiring hospitalization secondary to a medical illness were dropped from the study. よろしくお願いします

  • 英語の和訳

    英語が訳せず困っています。 スポーツ健康科学系の論文なのですが、統計分析のところで訳が出来ず詰まってしまいます。 なんとか辞書や専門用語の教科書などで訳したところも、いまいち意味が通じず、合っているのかもわかりません。この文章に既に何日もかかっています。 長文で申し訳ありませんが、お力を貸して頂きたいです。 内容は肥満者が減量した後のリバウンドの経緯を3つのグループに分けて18ヶ月間調査したというものです。 Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 13.0 (21). Descriptive statistics are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD). Group differences on continuous variables assessed at baseline were evaluated using analyses of variance (ANOVA) with weight loss method as the grouping variable. Chi square tests were used to examine group differences on categorical variables. Group differences in weight regain at 6, 12, and 18 months were evaluated using analyses of variance (ANOVA) with weight loss method as the between subjects factor. Group differences across time in overall percent weight loss (initial weight loss and maintenance) were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA, with weight loss method as the between subjects factor and percent weight reduction from maximum weight (at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months) as the within subjects factor. Participants lost to follow-up were assumed to have gained .30 kilograms per month, as has been used in prior studies (10, 22, 23). Analyses were first conducted without adjustments for covariates and were then adjusted for variables found to differ at baseline (p<.10) across weight loss method, including gender, baseline weight, intentional weight loss (cycling) history, baseline percent fat intake, and percent weight reduction at baseline (i.e., initial weight loss). Analyses were also adjusted for duration of weight loss maintenance and STOP Regain treatment group (face-to-face intervention, internet intervention, newsletter control). Repeated measures ANOVAs with weight loss method as the between subjects factor and time (baseline and 6 months) as the within subjects factor were used to examine group × time interactions for dietary intake, physical activity, depressive symptoms, and eating behavior. Tests of significance were based on alpha of .05. For repeated measures analyses, Greenhouse-Geisser correction was used, where appropriate, to adjust for sphericity. Bonferroni adjustment was applied to main effect and simple effect post-hoc contrasts. 統計解析の部分の抜粋です。 自力で訳したところもあるのですが不安なので全て書き込みました。 長文ですが宜しくお願い致します！！

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