英文の和訳についての質問
- 英文の和訳について、意味がよく分からない文章が多くあります。きれいな日本語の文法に直してください。
- 転がっているコンタクトにおいて、接線の圧力がインタフェースを通じて伝達される。
- 棒スリップは、相対速度の増加に伴って摩擦係数が減少し、リラックス振動が発生する。
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英文の和訳
すみませんが，下記の英文を訳しましたが，意味がよく分からない文章が沢山あります。きれいな日本語の文法に直していただきませんか？よろしくお願いします。 Traction In rolling contacts the tangential stress transmitted across the interface. Notes: 1.The traction will in general vary from point to point over the contact area. 2.More generally, traction may denote the force per unit area of contact. Stick-slip A relaxation oscillation usually associated with decrease in the coefficient of friction as relative velocity increases. Notes: 1.Stick-slip was originally associated with formation and destruction of interfacial junctions, on a microscopic scale. This is often a basic cause. 2.The period depends on the velocity and on the elastic characteristics of the system. 3.Stick-slip will not occur if the static friction is equal to or less than the dynamic friction. 牽引 転がっているコンタクトに、接線の圧力はインタフェースを横切って電波で通信しました。 記録： 1. ポイントからの接触地域の上のポイントへの一般変化の牽引意志。 2. より一般に、牽引は接触のユニット地域あたり力を示すかもしれません。 棒スリップ リラックス振動は、通常相対的な速度増加として摩擦の係数の減少と結合しました。 記録： 1. 棒スリップは、微視的なスケールにおいてもとは2面間の接合点の構成と破壊と関連しました。これはしばしば基礎的な原因です。 2. 期間はシステムの速度および伸縮自在な特徴に依存します。 3. 棒スリップは動的な摩擦より少なく起こりません 静的な摩擦がそれと等しいまたは 。
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引っ張り 転がり接触では、接線応力が接触面を通じて伝達される。 注記： １．引っ張りは、接触領域全域で、一般に、場所に応じて変動する。 ２．更に一般的に、引っ張りが、単位接触面積当たりの力を表し得る。 固着－滑り［stick-slip］ 緩和振動は、通常、相対速度が増えるに応じての摩擦係数の減少と連関する。 注記： １．固着－滑りは、顕微鏡的スケールにおいて、元々、界面接合の形成と破壊に関係していた。これがしばしば、基本的な原因［basic cause］である。 ２．周期は、速度に、また系の弾性特性に依存する。 ３．固着－滑りは、静摩擦が動摩擦以下である場合は生じない。 訳がこなれていませんが、原文の英語の文章の意味は、大体上のようなものであることは間違いありません。（かなり複雑な機械工学的現象を、簡潔過ぎる言葉で断片的に述べているので分かりにくいのだと思います。例えば、「界面接合の形成と破壊」というのは、動摩擦現象における分子レヴェルでの作用機構について述べているのだと思いますが、断片的で分かりにくいのです。「固着－滑り」というのは、転がり摩擦において、ミクロレヴェルの固着と滑りが交互に起こり、微細振動しつつ、物体は転がって行くと言う過程を示す言葉なのだと思いますが、適訳が思いつきません）。
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- 機械系の英文の和訳のチェック
すみませんが，下記の英文を訳しましたが，意味がよく分からない文章が沢山あります。きれいな日本語の文法に直していただきませんか？よろしくお願いします。 Traction In rolling contacts the tangential stress transmitted across the interface. Notes: 1.The traction will in general vary from point to point over the contact area. 2.More generally, traction may denote the force per unit area of contact. Stick-slip A relaxation oscillation usually associated with decrease in the coefficient of friction as relative velocity increases. Notes: 1.Stick-slip was originally associated with formation and destruction of interfacial junctions, on a microscopic scale. This is often a basic cause. 2.The period depends on the velocity and on the elastic characteristics of the system. 3.Stick-slip will not occur if the static friction is equal to or less than the dynamic friction. 牽引 転がっているコンタクトに、接線の圧力はインタフェースを横切って電波で通信しました。 記録： 1. ポイントからの接触地域の上のポイントへの一般変化の牽引意志。 2. より一般に、牽引は接触のユニット地域あたり力を示すかもしれません。 棒スリップ リラックス振動は、通常相対的な速度増加として摩擦の係数の減少と結合しました。 記録： 1. 棒スリップは、微視的なスケールにおいてもとは2面間の接合点の構成と破壊と関連しました。これはしばしば基礎的な原因です。 2. 期間はシステムの速度および伸縮自在な特徴に依存します。 3. 棒スリップは動的な摩擦より少なく起こりません 静的な摩擦がそれと等しいまたは 。
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- 機械系の英文の和訳のチェック
すみませんが，下記の英文を訳しましたが，意味がよく分からない文章が沢山あります。きれいな日本語の文法に直していただきませんか？よろしくお願いします。 Friction; The resisting force tangential to the common boundary between two bodies when, under the action of an external force, one body moves or tends to move relative to the surface of the other. Notes: The term Friction is also used, incorrectly, to denote Coefficient of Friction. 摩擦； 外力の行動の下に、一方のボディが動くか、または他の表面と関連するので、動く傾向がある時に2つのボディの間の共通な境界に接した抵抗力。 記録： また摩擦の係数を示すように摩擦が間違って用いられる用語。
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- 機械系の英文の和訳
すみませんが、下記の英文を訳していただきませんか？よろしくお願いします。 Adsorption Atomic or molecular attachment to a solid surface. Physical adsorption is attributable to van der Waals forces and is relatively weak. Chemisorption involves stronger forces. A simple distinction is often made in that physical adsorption is reversible, the adsorbate being detached on exposure to high vacuum while chemisorbed films can be removed only if energy is supplied, for example by heating. Adhesive Force In frictional contacts the attractive force between the adjacent surfaces. 1. In physical chemistry, adhesion denotes the attraction between a solid surface and a second (liquid or solid) phase. This definition is based on the assumption of a reversible equilibrium. 2. In mechanical technology, adhesion is in general irreversible. 3. In railway engineering Adhesion often means Friction. Hertzian Contact Pressure The pressure at a contact between two solid bodies calculated according to Hertz’ equations of elastic deformation. Hertzian Contact Area The contact area between two solid bodies under load, as calculated from Hertz’ equations of elastic deformation.
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- The degree of decrease in friction は間違い？
中野幾雄著「技術英語攻略法」 （株）工業調査会 発行 のp141で次の作文例と英文がありました。 「どんな機械・装置でも，摩擦をなくすことはできない。 しかし，多くの面で機械の作業効率は，その部品の摩擦の減少度合いに大きく左右される。」 これの英訳は； In any mechanical devices, it is impossible to eliminate friction. Nevertheless, in many respects, the working efficiency of the mechine depends on the degree to which the friction of the parts (are) lessened. *** 最後のareはisの誤記とおもいますが。 となっていました。 質問は； ”その部品の摩擦の減少度合いに”にあたる英文を the degree to which the friction of the parts is lessened. と表現されています。 私は，自分の英作では the degree of decrease in friction of the parts. ・・・としました。 Googleで"the degree of decrease in"と検索すると，結構ヒットしますが，続けて，"the degree of decrease in friction"とすると，まったくヒットしなくなります。 私のレベルではfrictionがinに続けてどうして書けないのかの理由が分かりません。 私の英語では間違いでしょうか？ ご説明をご教示お願いします。 また著者の表現”the degree to which the--”ではなく，”the degree of --”に書き換えるにはどうすれば良いでしょうか。 あわせてお願いします。
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By 1915, the majority of German forces, except for those holding out at the strongholds of Mora and Garua had withdrawn to the mountainous interior of the colony surrounding the new capital at Jaunde. In the spring of that year German forces were still able to significantly stall or repulse assaults by Allied forces. A German force under the command of Captain von Crailsheim from Garua even went on the offensive, engaging the British during a failed raid into Nigeria at the Battle of Gurin. This surprisingly daring incursion into British territory prompted General Frederick Hugh Cunliffe to launch another attempt at taking the German fortresses at Garua at the Second Battle of Garua in June, resulting in a British victory. This action freed Allied units in northern Kamerun to push further into the interior of the colony. This push resulted in the Allied victory at the Battle of Ngaundere on 29 June. Cunliffe's advance south to Jaunde, however, was stalled by heavy rains, and his force instead participated in the continuing Siege of Mora. When the weather improved, British forces under Cunliffe moved further south, capturing a German fort at the Battle of Banjo in November and occupying a number of other towns by the end of the year. By December, the forces of Cunliffe and Dobell were in contact and ready to conduct an assault of Jaunde. In this year most of Neukamerun was occupied by Belgian and French troops, who also began to prepare for an assault on Jaunde.
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In Fig.13, we compare our results with those of Nishiida (1983) and Wetherill and Cox (1985). Nishida studied the collision probability in the two-dimensional problem for the two cases: e=0 and 4. For the case of e=0, his result (renormalized so as to coincide with our present definition) agrees accurately with ours. But for e=4, his collisional rate is about 1.5 times as large as ours; it seems that the discrepancy comes from the fact that he did not try to compute a sufficient number of orbits for e=4, thus introducing a relatively large statistical error. The results of Wetherill and Cox are summarized in terms of v/v_e where v is the relative velocity at infinity and v_e the escape velocity from the protoplanet, while our results are in terms of e and i. Therefore we cannot compare our results exactly with theirs. If we adopt Eq. (2) as the relative velocity, we have (of course, i=0 in this case) (e^2+i^2)^(1/2)≒34(ρ/3gcm^-3)^(1/6)(a_0*/1AU)^(1/2)(v/v_e). (34) According to Eq. (34), their results are rediscribed in Fig.13. From this figure it follows that their results almost coincide with ours within a statistical uncertainty of their evaluation. 7. The collisional rate for the three-dimensional case Now, we take up a general case where i≠0. In this case, we selected 67 sets of (e,i), covering regions of 0.01≦i≦4 and 0≦e≦4 in the e-i diagram, and calculated a number of orbits with various b, τ,and ω for each set of (e,i). We evaluated R(e,i) for r_p=0.001 and 0.005 (for r_p=0.0002 we have not obtained a sufficient number of collision orbits), and found again its weak dependence on r_p (except for singular points, e.g., (e,i)=(0,3.0)) for such values of r_p. Hence almost all results of calculations will be presented for r_p=0.005 (i.e., at the Earth orbit) here. Fig.13. Comparison of the two-dimensional enhancement factor R(e,0) with those of Nishida (1983) and those of Wetherill and Cox (1985).Their results are renormalized so as to coincide with our definition of R(e,0). 長文ですが、よろしくお願いします。
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- 【至急】 英文の和訳お願いします。
以下の文章の和訳をお願いします。 While Oishinbos topicality and its debates on the politics of food may partly account for its popularity, it is the cooking techniwues, descriptions of food, and food-centerd, sentimental stories about human relationships that dominate the series. The theme of food and memory figures prominently in these stories and even links some of the personal problems with the social problems critiqued in Oishinbo. The manga notes, for example, that such changes in the food industry as retionalization and commerchialization usually yield a less healthful, less flaborful dish than the one remenbered from one's younger days.
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As contact observers reported the progress of the infantry attack, artillery-observers sent many messages to the British artillery and reported the effect of counter-battery fire on German artillery. Balloon observers used their telephones, to report changes in the German counter-barrage and to direct British artillery on fleeting targets, continuing during the night by observing German gun-flashes. Air reconnaissance during the day, found little movement on the roads and railways behind the German front but the railways at Bapaume were bombed from 5:00 a.m. Flights to Cambrai, Busigny and Etreux later in the day saw no unusual movement and German aircraft attacked the observation aircraft all the way to the targets and back, two Rolands being shot down by the escorts.
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次の文章の和訳をお願いできないでしょうか？経済について書かれた文章なのですが、翻訳機能を利用して和訳をしてみてもいまいち意味が理解できません。どなたか和訳をお願いします。 Another problem concerning both the competitiveness of Greek capitalism as well as other aspects of the programme is the relatively weak disinflation of the Greek economy . The strategy of export-oriented economy requires the competitive disinflation of the Greek economy . That is the general decline of prices so that the Greek products can become more competitive abroad . However , while wages have been brutally 'deflated' selling prices either are not dropping or are falling very slowly . It is characteristic that only in the third quarter of 2013 appeared a weak reduction in the general price level . This is another failure of the EAPs . The main reason for this inadequate disinflation is that Greek capital (particularly in sectors related to the mass consumption of the population ) organises monopolistic and oligopolistic situations in order to keep its profitability or even to increase it by exploiting the reduction of wages which it does not pass on to prices . Some other factors , on which the designers of the Memoranda strategy also place some hopes , can be described as ' windfall gains ' . The most important of these factors is tourism , finding and exploiting natural resources and foreign investment . Foreign investment is also associated to the export-led growth strategy . To the extent that they will arise such 'windfall gains ' , it is hoped that they will help to alleviate the pressure of debt and facilitate the structural transformation of the economy . Nevertheless these factors are extremely unstable and dubious . Tourism depends crucially on the international political and economic environment . A global recession ( or a recession in basic tourist countries ) and events like a military adventure in the Mediterranean can very easily exert a negative effect on tourism . Accordingly , even if confirmed the projected natural resources reserves will require some time before production is commenced . Finally , as regards foreign investment the experience of the privatisation programme is very enlightening .
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