The Rearguard Affair of Étreux

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  • The Rearguard Affair of Étreux was a battle fought in 1914 during the Great Retreat on the Western Front.
  • The British Expeditionary Force held their ground for fourteen hours, delaying the German Army's pursuit.
  • Although heavily outnumbered, the 2nd Munsters fought bravely and were congratulated by the German soldiers.
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The Rearguard Affair of Étreux was fought at Étreux by the British Expeditionary Force during the Great Retreat on the Western Front in 1914. The German 2nd Army commander General Karl von Bülow had ordered a rapid pursuit after the battles of 21–24 August against the French Fifth Army and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). The 1st and 2nd Armies were sent to the south-west to gain the left flank of the Allied line. After encountering "especially obstinate" resistance at Marbaix and Le Grand-Fayt, the German Imperial Army's X (Reserve) Corps had been ordered to continue its advance to the south-west. The 2nd Royal Munster Fusiliers had been ordered to hold its ground at all costs, in their first action in France. Less than a battalion strength, just 3 companies of the 2nd Battalion of "The Munsters" supported by a couple of field guns halted the advance of the German Army for fourteen hours in the area of Oisny and Étreux during the retreat from Mons on August 27. Under continual pressure from German attacks the Munsters fell back to an orchard near the village of Étreux. As night fell on the evening of the 27 August, they found themselves surrounded by the Germans. Having exhausted their ammunition they surrendered. In their action at Ètreux only four officers and 240 other ranks of the 2nd Munsters survived but the battalion delayed German pursuit of the British I Corps, gaining time for the British Expeditionary Force to escape. The 2nd Munsters were outnumbered at odds of over 6:1 and when finally defeated, the survivors were congratulated on their bravery by the German soldiers they had fought. The German X (Reserve) Corps continued its advance towards Wassigny and Étreux on 27 August 1914, where the its constituent 19th (Reserve) Division reported that it had "scattered a British battalion". The Siege of Mora or Siege of Moraberg, between Allied and besieged German troops, took place from August 1914 to February 1916 on and around the Mora mountain in northern Kamerun during the Kamerun Campaign of the First World War. After more than a year of siege German forces on the mountain surrendered, following the escape of many German troops to the neutral Spanish colony of Rio Muni. In early August 1914 the First World War broke out in Europe, and the Allies began the task of conquering Germany's African colonies. The German West African colony of Togoland was defeated on 26 August, freeing up British and French troops for the invasion of Kamerun. The Siege of Mora モラ包囲戦

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＞The Rearguard Affair of Étreux was fought at Étreux by the British Expeditionary Force during the Great Retreat on the Western Front in 1914. The German 2nd Army commander General Karl von Bülow had ordered a rapid pursuit after the battles of 21–24 August against the French Fifth Army and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). The 1st and 2nd Armies were sent to the south-west to gain the left flank of the Allied line. ⇒「エトルー後衛隊事件」は、1914年の西部戦線での大撤退の間に、英国の遠征軍によってエトルーで戦われた。ドイツ第2方面軍の指揮官カール・フォン・ビュロー将軍は、フランス第5方面軍と英国遠征軍（BEF）に対する8月21–24日の戦いの後、急遽これを追跡するよう命令した。連合国軍戦線の左側面を獲得すべく、ドイツ第1、第2方面軍が南西へ派遣された。 ＞After encountering "especially obstinate" resistance at Marbaix and Le Grand-Fayt, the German Imperial Army's X (Reserve) Corps had been ordered to continue its advance to the south-west. The 2nd Royal Munster Fusiliers had been ordered to hold its ground at all costs, in their first action in France. Less than a battalion strength, just 3 companies of the 2nd Battalion of "The Munsters" supported by a couple of field guns halted the advance of the German Army for fourteen hours in the area of Oisny and Étreux during the retreat from Mons on August 27. ⇒マルベとル・グラン・ファイで、「特に頑強な」抵抗に遭遇した後、ドイツ帝国軍の第X方面軍（予備）軍団は南西への前進を続けるよう命じられた。第2王立ミュンスター火打ち石銃隊は、フランスにおける最初の戦闘行動において、いかなる犠牲を払ってもその地を保持するように命じられた。野戦砲2個隊ほどの支持を得ながらも、「ミュンスター隊」の第2大隊のわずか１個大隊、3個中隊の軍勢以下で、8月27日のモンスからの撤退の間、オワズニーとエトルー地域で14時間ドイツ軍の前進を停止させた。 ＞Under continual pressure from German attacks the Munsters fell back to an orchard near the village of Étreux. As night fell on the evening of the 27 August, they found themselves surrounded by the Germans. Having exhausted their ammunition they surrendered. In their action at Ètreux only four officers and 240 other ranks of the 2nd Munsters survived but the battalion delayed German pursuit of the British I Corps, gaining time for the British Expeditionary Force to escape. ⇒ドイツ軍の攻撃による絶え間ない圧力の下で、ミュンスター隊はエトルー村近くの果樹園に後退した。8月27日の夜になると、彼らは自分たちがドイツ軍に囲まれているのを発見した。彼らは弾薬を使い果たして、降伏した。エトルーでの彼らの戦闘行動では、第2ミュンスター隊のうち4人の将校と他の階級兵240人だけは生き残ったが、この大隊は英国第I軍団によるドイツ軍の追跡に時間をかけさせ、英国軍遠征隊が脱出する時間を稼いだ。 ＞The 2nd Munsters were outnumbered at odds of over 6:1 and when finally defeated, the survivors were congratulated on their bravery by the German soldiers they had fought. The German X (Reserve) Corps continued its advance towards Wassigny and Étreux on 27 August 1914, where the its constituent 19th (Reserve) Division reported that it had "scattered a British battalion". ⇒第2ミュンスター隊は、6対1以上の（敵方の）数的優勢で戦い、最終的に敗北したとき、生存者は彼らが戦ったドイツ軍兵士たちによってその勇気を讃えられた。1914年8月27日、ドイツ軍の第X（予備）軍団はワシニーとエトルーに向かって前進し続け、その直接構成隊である第19（予備）師団は「英国軍の大隊を霧散させた」と報じた。 ＞The Siege of Mora or Siege of Moraberg, between Allied and besieged German troops, took place from August 1914 to February 1916 on and around the Mora mountain in northern Kamerun during the Kamerun Campaign of the First World War. After more than a year of siege German forces on the mountain surrendered, following the escape of many German troops to the neutral Spanish colony of Rio Muni. In early August 1914 the First World War broke out in Europe, and the Allies began the task of conquering Germany's African colonies. The German West African colony of Togoland was defeated on 26 August, freeing up British and French troops for the invasion of Kamerun. ⇒連合軍と包囲されたドイツ軍との間の「モラ包囲戦」または「モラベルク包囲戦」は、1914年8月から1916年2月にかけて、第一次世界大戦の「カメルン野戦」の間にカメルン北部のモラ山周辺で行われた。ドイツ軍団が1年以上包囲されて山中に立てこもった後で、多くのドイツ軍兵士が中立のスペイン植民地リオ・ムニに逃げ込んだ後、降伏した。1914年8月上旬に第一次世界大戦がヨーロッパで勃発し、連合国軍はドイツのアフリカ植民地を征服するという任務を開始した。トーゴランドのドイツ西部アフリカ植民地は8月26日に敗北し、英国軍・フランス軍のカメルン侵入を解放した。

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