The last major action on the Eastern Front

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  • The Operation Faustschlag, also known as the Eleven Days' War, was a Central Powers offensive in World War I.
  • Russian forces were unable to put up any serious resistance due to the turmoil of the Russian Revolution and subsequent Russian Civil War.
  • The Central Powers captured huge territories in the Baltics, Belarus, and Ukraine, forcing the Bolshevik government of Russia to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
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The main Polish units broke through the Austro-Hungarian Army near a town called Rarańcza, located in Bukovina, but the rear units with wagons were stopped by an armored train, and eventually disarmed and arrested. The Legionnaires won the battle, but estimates of their losses vary: according to historian Jerzy Lerski they suffered "great losses", but Gawlik states there were only 16 casualties, while over 900 soldiers of the Auxiliary Corps and other Polish soldiers from other formations - about 4,000 total - were arrested). 86 officers and NCOs were later put to trial by the Austro-Hungarian government, but Charles I of Austro-Hungary ordered the trial to be stopped, and a few weeks later Austro-Hungary was no more. Some (according to Gawlik, about 1,600) of Hallenburg's troops were able to make it through the front lines into already abandoned Russian trenches, and on March 5 were absorbed into the Polish Second Corps, whilst many were captured and imprisoned by the Austrians. The remaining troops under general Hallenburg would be defeated in May by the Germans in the battle of Kaniów. The Operation Faustschlag ("Operation Fist Punch"), also known as the Eleven Days' War, was a Central Powers offensive in World War I. It was the last major action on the Eastern Front. Russian forces were unable to put up any serious resistance due to the turmoil of the Russian Revolution and subsequent Russian Civil War. The armies of the Central Powers therefore captured huge territories in the Baltics, Belarus, and Ukraine, forcing the Bolshevik government of Russia to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.Bolsheviks took power in Russia during the October Revolution and announced that Russia would be withdrawing from war. Talks with the Central Powers started in Brest-Litovsk on 3 December 1917 and on the 17th a cease-fire went into effect. Peace talks soon followed, starting on 22 December. As negotiations began, the Central Powers presented demands for the territory that they had occupied during the 1914–1916 period, including Poland, Lithuania and western Latvia. The Bolsheviks decided not to accept these terms and instead withdrew from the negotiations, eventually resulting in the breakdown of the ceasefire.

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＞The main Polish units broke through the Austro-Hungarian Army near a town called Rarańcza, located in Bukovina, but the rear units with wagons were stopped by an armored train, and eventually disarmed and arrested. The Legionnaires won the battle, but estimates of their losses vary: according to historian Jerzy Lerski they suffered "great losses", but Gawlik states there were only 16 casualties, while over 900 soldiers of the Auxiliary Corps and other Polish soldiers from other formations - about 4,000 total - were arrested). 86 officers and NCOs were later put to trial by the Austro-Hungarian government, but Charles I of Austro-Hungary ordered the trial to be stopped, and a few weeks later Austro-Hungary was no more. ⇒主力ポーランド部隊は、ブコビナに位置するラランツァと呼ばれる町の近くでオーストリア・ハンガリー軍隊を突破したが、ワゴン（無蓋貨車）を持つ後衛部隊が、装甲列車によって止められて、結局武装を解除され、逮捕された。在郷軍は戦いを勝ち取ったが、損失の見積りは多様であった。すなわち、歴史家エルジー・レルスキによると、彼らは「大きい損失」を被ったという。しかし、死傷者数の被害はほんの16人だけだったが、他方補助軍団のそれは900人を超え、他の編成隊からのポーランド軍兵士は－約4,000人が－逮捕された、とガウリクは述べている。86人の将校・下士官が、後にオーストリア・ハンガリーの政府によって試練を課されたが、オーストリア・ハンガリーのチャールズ1世は、それを止めるように命じて、数週間後にはもうオーストリア・ハンガリー軍は手を引いた。 ＞Some (according to Gawlik, about 1,600) of Hallenburg's troops were able to make it through the front lines into already abandoned Russian trenches, and on March 5 were absorbed into the Polish Second Corps, whilst many were captured and imprisoned by the Austrians. The remaining troops under general Hallenburg would be defeated in May by the Germans in the battle of Kaniów. 　The Operation Faustschlag ("Operation Fist Punch"), also known as the Eleven Days' War, was a Central Powers offensive in World War I. It was the last major action on the Eastern Front. ⇒ハレンブルク軍のうちの数人（ガウリクによれば、約1,600人）が、すでに放棄されていたロシア軍の塹壕に前線を通すことができて、3月5日にポーランド第2軍団に吸収された。ただしその間に、多くがオーストリア軍によって攻略されて、投獄された。ハレンブルク将軍麾下の残留軍は、5月にカニョフの戦いでドイツ軍によって破られたようである。 　「フォイストヒェンラグ作戦行動」（「拳骨殴打作戦」）は、また「11日戦争」として知られているが、それは第一次世界大戦中の中央同盟国軍の攻勢であった。それは、東部前線上の最後の主要戦闘であった。 ＞Russian forces were unable to put up any serious resistance due to the turmoil of the Russian Revolution and subsequent Russian Civil War. The armies of the Central Powers therefore captured huge territories in the Baltics, Belarus, and Ukraine, forcing the Bolshevik government of Russia to sign the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk. Bolsheviks took power in Russia during the October Revolution and announced that Russia would be withdrawing from war. Talks with the Central Powers started in Brest-Litovsk on 3 December 1917 and on the 17th a cease-fire went into effect. Peace talks soon followed, starting on 22 December. ⇒ロシア軍は、ロシア革命およびその後のロシア内戦の騒動のせいで、いかなる手堅い抵抗も示すことができなかった。従って、中央同盟国の方面軍は、バルト諸国、ベラルーシ、およびウクライナの広大な領域を攻略して、ロシアのボルシェビキ政府にブレスト=リトフスク条約の調印を強制した。ボルシェビキは、10月革命の間に政権を取って、ロシアが戦争から引くことを発表した。1917年12月3日にブレスト=リトフスクで中央同盟国との対話が始まり、17日に停戦が発効した。間もなく、それに続いて和平会議が12月22日に始まった。 ＞As negotiations began, the Central Powers presented demands for the territory that they had occupied during the 1914–1916 period, including Poland, Lithuania and western Latvia. The Bolsheviks decided not to accept these terms and instead withdrew from the negotiations, eventually resulting in the breakdown of the ceasefire. ⇒交渉が始まると、中央同盟国軍は、ポーランド、リトアニア、および西ラトビアを含んで、1914年－1916年の期間中に占領した領土の要求を提起した。ボルシェビキは、これらの条件を受け入れないことを決めて、代わりに交渉から手を引いたので、結局、停戦の破局が結果として生じた。

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