第一次世界大戦における戦闘の概要

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  • 第一次世界大戦における戦闘について調査しました。結果をまとめた要約文を3つ作成しました。
  • 要約文1: 第一次世界大戦における戦闘は、1914年8月に始まりました。フランスの第五軍はベルギーまで後退し、25マイルにわたる戦線でドイツ軍と交戦しました。
  • 要約文2: フランス第五軍は、ベルジュロンまで戦線を構築し、イギリス遠征軍と連携しました。しかし、ドイツ軍の攻撃に対し、フランス軍は抵抗することができず、敗北しました。
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日本語訳をお願いいたします。

By 20 August, the Fifth Army (General Charles Lanrezac) had begun to concentrate on a 40-kilometre (25 mi) front along the Sambre, centred on Charleroi and extending east to the Belgian fortress of Namur. On the left flank, the Cavalry Corps (General André Sordet) linked the Fifth Army with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at Mons. The French had 15 divisions, after transfers of troops to Lorraine, facing 18 German divisions from the 2nd Army (General Karl von Bülow) and 3rd Army moving south-west from Luxembourg towards the Meuse. Although Lanrezac knew retreat to be necessary from the beginning of the war and warned against the danger of the German sweep through Belgium, his superior, General Joseph Joffre, believed that France should follow the offensive Plan XVII, regardless of what happened in Belgium, discounted Lanrezac's warnings and ordered the Fifth Army to attack across the Sambre. Before Lanrezac could act on the morning of 21 August, the 2nd Army launched the Battle of Charleroi with assaults across the Sambre, establishing two bridgeheads which the French, lacking artillery, were unable to reduce. The Germans attacked again on 22 August, with three corps against the entire Fifth Army front. Fighting continued on 23 August when the French centre around Charleroi began to fall back.

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  • Nakay702
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＞By 20 August, the Fifth Army (General Charles Lanrezac) had begun to concentrate on a 40-kilometre (25 mi) front along the Sambre, centred on Charleroi and extending east to the Belgian fortress of Namur. On the left flank, the Cavalry Corps (General André Sordet) linked the Fifth Army with the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at Mons. The French had 15 divisions, after transfers of troops to Lorraine, facing 18 German divisions from the 2nd Army (General Karl von Bülow) and 3rd Army moving south-west from Luxembourg towards the Meuse. ⇒8月20日までには、第五方面軍（シャルル・ランレザック将軍）が、サンブル川に沿って40キロ（25マイル）のシャルルロアを中心にナミュールのベルギーの要塞まで東へ広がる前線に集結し始めた。所属の騎兵隊軍団（アンドレ・ソード将軍）が左側面上あって、モンス地域で第五方面軍を英国遠征軍（BEF）と結びつけた。フランス軍は、軍隊がロレーヌへ移動した後の時点で15個師団を保有し、第２方面軍（カール・フォン・ビュロー将軍）と、ルクセンブルクからミューズ川へ向って南西に移動する第３方面軍に所属する18個のドイツ軍師団に対峙していた。 ＞Although Lanrezac knew retreat to be necessary from the beginning of the war and warned against the danger of the German sweep through Belgium, his superior, General Joseph Joffre, believed that France should follow the offensive Plan XVII, regardless of what happened in Belgium, discounted Lanrezac's warnings and ordered the Fifth Army to attack across the Sambre. ⇒ランレザックは、戦争の開始当初から退却が必要になることを知っていて、ベルギーを貫徹するドイツ軍の掃討進撃の危険性について警告したけれども、彼の上官ジョセフ・ジョフル将軍は、ベルギーで起こったことに関係なくランレザックの警告を割引して、攻撃作戦プランXVII（第17計画）に従うべきとした。そして、サンブル川を渡って攻撃するよう第五方面軍に命じた。 ＞Before Lanrezac could act on the morning of 21 August, the 2nd Army launched the Battle of Charleroi with assaults across the Sambre, establishing two bridgeheads which the French, lacking artillery, were unable to reduce. The Germans attacked again on 22 August, with three corps against the entire Fifth Army front. Fighting continued on 23 August when the French centre around Charleroi began to fall back. ⇒8月21日の朝、ランレザックが出動できる前に、第２方面軍がサンブル川全体の攻撃で「シャルルロアの戦い」を開始した。彼らは２つの橋頭堡を確立しが、フランス軍としては、大砲が不足してそれを減らすことができなかった。ドイツ軍は、8月22日に再び、全ての第五方面軍に対して３個軍団をもって攻撃にかかった。戦いは8月23日に続いたが、シャルルロア周辺のフランス軍中央部隊は後退し始めた。

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