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sakuya_haruokaの回答
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structural violenceは「差別」としましたがもう片方の質問と合わせて考えると「構造的な暴力」とした方が良かったかもしれません。
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Cultural Violence Cultural Violence legitimizes direct and structural violence by convincing people that, in the name of God or of histry, they are not only justified but also duty bound to harm or even kill others. Some relilgions, political ideologies and nationalisms are moderate and tolerant. Others however, place so high a premium on the self and so thoroughly dehumanize the other that, in the eyes of their adherents, massacre of the other seems an acceptable option. Passive Violence We must begin to understand the extent of violence that each of us practice ourselves consciously or unconsciously in our daily lives. Passive violence is indirect. It can be very subtle forms of pressure, discrimination, coercion or disrespect. Passive violence causes anger and anger causes physical violence. The relationship between passive violence and physical violence is the same as the relationship between gasoline and fire. Passive violence fuels the fire of physical violence, which means if we want to put out the fire of physical violence we have to cut off the fuel supply. The fuel supply is us. The very spaciousness of the American continent has given rise to what is called the frontier spirit, which was originally a challenge to the natural regors of an uncultivated terrain, seems to overlook the existence of other peoples. When the Americans are forced to deal with other nations and peoples, the frontier spirit asserts itself in the form of attempts to bring bear the immense power of the United States.
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During Bono's teenage years the Seven Towers housing project was in place, which relocated families to the Ballymun flats. "They were very unhappy, they were angry, they were annoyed, these were the people we would meet as young teenagers," he said. "A lot of my early memories of teenage years were of violence, and the sheer fear of leaving the house, going to catch the bus," he added. "That [song] has all the dignity of that neighbourhood. Some dark characters indeed, but the general decency of people, the goodness, is in [the] guitar solo. I couldn't have achieved that," he told music podcast Song Exploder.
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英文を翻訳してください(2)（ビジネス） 引き続き、こちらも添削お願いします。 They would like to find a way that they could offer AAA a guarantee of price decreases over the next 5 years on the BBB in return for an agreement from AAA that they will buy the CCC and will not develop or use a second source during that time period. 訳を試みましたが、どこで文を切って良いか分からず断念してしまいました。 すみませんが、どなたかご教示ください。 宜しくお願い致します。
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この英文を翻訳してください！お願いします！ Giving time or talking time to help others is a common way that people give to others. In a survey, Charities Aid Foundation (CAF) asked thousands of people in over 150 countries about way they gave to others in the month before the survey . The results showed that 45% of people worldwide took time to help a stranger in some way. By contrast, about 20% of people who took the survey said they helped others by giving some of their time volunteering with groups. The CAF survey did not ask about how people gave things to others, but it is clear giving things is quite common. People may buy extra food or other items in order to give these things to charities or to those in need. People may also give things they do not need or use any longer, such as clothes, phones, or even an old car. These kinds of donations of new of or used items actually add up to a lot of help for those who need it. When it came to giving money, the CAF survey found that over the past month, 33% of people had donated money. Over the years, the United States has been one of the most generous countries worldwide. Each year, people, companies, and organizations in the United States donate over $300 billion. Actually, 75% of this amount, or over $225 billion, comes from people. Half of that is donated each year by average people and families and half is donated by richer people. Recently, the very rich have been challenged to give even more by the Giving Pledge A group of very wealthy people like Warren Buffet and Bill Gates started this idea. They want others to promise to donate most of their wealth now or at some point in the future. So far, over fifty billionaires around the world have joined Buffet and Gates in the Giving Pledge.
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いつもお世話になっています。 A.Waleyの『TALE OF GENJI』（帚木 The Broom-Tree）から わからないところと訳の間違っているところを教えていただければと思います。 1) 『He paused, seeming to be slightly ashamed of the cynical tone which he had adopted, and added, ”I know my experience is not large, but that is the conclusion I have come to so far.” ●彼（頭中将）はちょっと休止した。彼が選んだ皮肉な口調をわずかに恥じているように見えて、そして付け加えた。「私は私の経験は多いのではなく、それは私がこれまでに至ってきた結果だと理解しています。」・・・・・？ I have come to so far・・・・ここのcomeの意味がよくわかりませんでした。 come to～で「～に至る」というのがあったのでそれを使いました。 not large, but～・・・not A but Bの構文ですか？ but that is the～・・・thatは「my experience」ですか？ 2） 『Ｔhen Genji, smiling: ”And are there any who lack even one accomplishment?” ”Ｎo doubt, but in such a case it is unlikely that anyone would be successfully decoyed. The number of those who have nothing to recommend them and of those in whom nothing but good can be found is probably equal. 』 ●それから源氏は笑って、「それで一つの教養さえ欠いている誰かがいるのですか？」「疑いもなく、しかしそんな場合誰もが首尾よくおびきよせられるであろう事はありそうもないことです。彼らを魅力的にすることが何もないそれらの人の数と、長所の他は何も見出されることができないそれらの人の数は多分同じです。・・・・・・？ Andは意味がたくさんあって、はまる訳がよくわかりませんでしたが（当然の帰結・成り行きを示す）「それで」にしました。 but in such a case it is～・・・such a caseは「 it is a case that there are some who lack even one accomplishment.」ですか？ recommend them・・・・彼らを魅力的にする？ good・・・・長所？ The number of those who have nothing to recommend them and of those in whom nothing but～・・・最初は「who」で後ろが「whom」を使っている理由は何ですか？「in」が入っているのもよくわかりません。 3） 『 I divide women into three classes. Those of high rank and birth are made such a fuss of and their weak points are so completely concealed that we are certain to be told that they are paragons.』 ●私は女性たちを三つの階級に分けます。高い階級と生まれのそれらの人たちはとても大騒ぎをされ、そして彼らの弱点はすっかり隠されているので私たちが彼らが非常に優秀な人だということを話されることになっているのは確かです。・・・・・？ Those of high rank and birth are made such a fuss of ・・・・・ここは「of」の後に何か省略されているのでしょうか？such a fuss of high rank and birth？ suchは「大変な」、「とても」でしょうか？ we are certain to be told that they are paragons・・・・・be+to不定詞で「予定」の用法と考え、「～ということになっている」、としました。 ランク付けをするのは昔も今も変わらないようですが。 よろしくお願い致します。
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Part of what Gates hopes to do is to recreate the former broad-based consensus behind global family planning, but in a way that's focused on women's needs rather than on demographics, "This is about empowering women to be educated and to make a choice that they want to make," she says. "And if you look at what happens demographically because of that choice, you then get some of these outcomes that people were hoping to get worldwide."
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翻訳をお願いしたいです。 A computer network is a distributed system built from hardware, such as switches and transmission links, and many layers of software, as described in Chapter5. The software and hardware in a computer network provide computational, storage, and transmission resources that are used to provide network services. System design is the art and science of putting together these resources into a harmonious whole.
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翻訳お願いします＞＜； It also means that extra precautions are required for disposing of these bulbs. Research into ever better lighting has continued, and now a new candidate seems to have emerged in the form of the LED lamp. For many years now, LEDs have been a part of electronic equipment of all kinds. However, their role is expanding and they seem poised to become the preferred lighting source of the future. An individual light-emitting diode is small-far too small to light a room. An LED lamp therefore typically contains multiple diodes to achieve a sufficiently bright light. The design is quite robust, as there are no delicate tubes to break, and of course they contain no mercury. Their energy efficiency is actually very similar to CFLs but where they really come out top is with regard to their Lifespan. An LED lamp can have a lifespan of 30,000 hours or more, which means it can be used for an amazing 25 or 30 years. At present, the cost of LED lamps is very high, but nevertheless the extremely long lifespan means that large cost savings will be made after a few years. よろしくお願いします！！
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音楽評論の様な内容です。 文の切れ目が分かりづらく、四苦八苦しています。 お力添え願えませんでしょうか？ It is a way of giving in order to reciive, just like her more recent interest in performers of older generations, such as Tom, Bob or John who bring with them the values of a different era. Marry operates with in this existential vision of music, which insted of abstract perfection seeks the essence of truth, and she continues to pursue values and emotions that grasp art's fundamental sense of coming into being. It was in context that Fred put his plan for Marry project into action in 2002, with the support of the ABC bank and DEF Rete due. The chosen location was NY, a place that has historically been welcoming territory for pianists. For ten years now, in the month of June, this event has allowed Marry to create a busy community in NY, gathering around her artists from various backgrounds and types of experience. Some are celebrated, some are not, but all are fired by the spirit of making music in a sort of cloistered envionment, and share with the great pianist an awareness of the valuable lessons in sensitivity that can be learnt though a repertoire that often reveals hidden aspects in the great composers as well as unsuspected qualities in minor figures. 長文で申し訳ないですが、英語に詳しい方、宜しくお願い致します。
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Almost single-handedly, Freud created a new framework for the clinical understanding of dreams, which became an important activity in the new therapy of psychoanalysis. Dreams were called "the royal road to the unconscious." In the classic Freudian view, the dream is a method for maintaining sleep in spite of unacceptable impulses-usually sexual oraggressive-that arise when the censorship of the conscious mind is relaxed during sleep.the unacceptable impulse which might disturb the sleeper is transformed into a more acceptable and dramatic form by the dream work, using such mechanisms as displacement and condensation. Displacement , for example, is unconsciously moving the repressed sexual wish for the mother to the doream image of a more acceptable substitute woman, thereby hiding the incestuous nature of the wish. In the mechanism of condensation, several discrete figures are condensed into one composite figure that stands for all of them. Secondary elaboration, such as disguising actual persons and events, is used to put the resulting images into more acceptable form before they are experienced as a dream. The dream in the Freudian view allows a partial discharge of the original impulse, without allowing it to appear in such a primitive form as awaken the dreamer. In Freudian dream interpretation, the free-association of ideas to the motifs of the dream is supposed to lead back to the original and undisguised latent dream behind the experienced and remembered manifest dream.
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