Julius Caesar's Assassination and its Consequences: A Tragic Betrayal

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  • In his final moments, Julius Caesar, betrayed by those he trusted, including Brutus, expressed his disappointment
  • Brutus, proud of his act of betrayal, saw himself as a hero, saving Rome from slavery
  • However, the assassination of Caesar only exacerbated the civil unrest in Rome, leading to the rise of Augustus Caesar
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お願いします (26) In the end, he was killed at the height of the powers by men he thought were his friends. It was particularly sad that Brutus was among the assassins. According to Suetonius, Caesar, as he wasdying, turned to Brutus and said, “You too, my son?” (27) Brutus didn't feel guilty about betraying Caesar. He was proud of it. His ancestor was the Brutus who had expelled the last King, Tarquin the Proud, from Rome. Brutus issued a coin to celebrate the Ides of March as Caesar's assassination day. The coin shows the deadly daggers that had killed Caesar and the “cap of liberty” traditionally worn by slaves after they were freed. Brutus bragged that he had saved Rome from slavery. (28) But the murder of Julius Caesar did Rome no good. The city faced another 13 years of civil unrest and war. Assassination did help Caesar's reputation, though. In his will, Caesar left a gift of money to every Roman citizen. More that ever, he was the common man's hero, so admired that later rules of Rome adopted the name Caesar. (29) Brutus and his friends thought they were serving Rome and saving the Republic by killing a man who had become too powerful, a man they feared might make himself king. They were shortsighted. The Republic was already dying...almost dead. Rome would soon be dominated by a single ruler. That man would be Caesar's great-nephew and heir, Augustus Caesar.

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(26) 結局、彼（シーザー）は、彼が、友人であると思っていた人々によって、その権力の頂点で殺害されました。ブルータスが、暗殺者の内の一人だったことは、特に悲しいことでした。スエトニウスによると、死に際して、シーザーは、ブルータスの方を振り向いて、言いました、「ブルータス、お前もか？」。 (27) ブルータスは、シーザーを裏切ったことについて気がとがめませんでした。彼は、それを誇りに思いました。彼の先祖は最後の王、高慢王タルキンをローマから追放したブルータス（同名）でした。ブルータスは、3月15日を、シーザーの暗殺日として祝うために、硬貨を発行しました。その硬貨には、シーザーを殺害した凶器の短剣と奴隷が解放された後、伝統的に奴隷がかぶる「自由の帽子」が描かれています。ブルータスは、彼がローマを奴隷の身分から救ったと自慢しました。 (28) しかし、ジュリアス・シーザーの殺害は、ローマの為になりませんでした。その街は、さらに13年の市民暴動と戦争に直面することになりました。しかし、暗殺は、シーザーの評判を助長しました。彼の遺書で、シーザーは、全てのローマ市民にお金の贈り物を残しました。今まで以上に、彼は、平民の英雄になりました、あまりにも称賛されたので、後のローマの為政者は、シーザー（カエサル）の名前を襲名しました。 (29) ブルータスと彼の友人は、彼らがローマに役立っている、そして、あまりに力を持ちすぎた男、自分自身を王にするのではないかと彼らが恐れた男を殺害することによって共和国を救ったと思いました。彼らは目先のことしか見えていませんでした。共和国は、すでに滅びようとしていました ... ほとんど滅んでいたと言ってよいでしょう。ローマは、間もなく、たった一人の為政者によって支配されることになりました。その男は、シーザーの甥の息子で相続人のアウグストゥス・シーザー（カエサル）でした。 ☆カエサル（称号） http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB_(%E7%A7%B0%E5%8F%B7) ☆アウグストゥス http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9 ☆ブルータス / タルキン http://okwave.jp/qa/q8057110.html

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    お願いします (1)“When I was 18 years old…I raised an army and used it to bring freedom back to the Roman state. I spent my own money to do it…. Because of this, the Senate passed a special resolution to make me a senator.” These words were written by Julius Caesar's great-nephew: the first person to serve as a Roman general and member of the Senate while he was still a teenager. (2) Julius Caesar, who had no legitimate sons of his own, was especially fond of his sister's grandson, Gaius Octavius. When his sister Julia died, the dictator chose 12-year-old Octavius to deliver his grandmother's funeral oration. Five years later, in 46 BCE, Octavius rode with his great-uncle in his triumphal procession into Rome. The next year, the young man joined Caesar's military campaign in Spain. The dictator believed that someday his great-nephew would do great things for Rome. (3) After his victories in Spain, Caesar planned a war against the rebellious tribes of Illyria, a region across the Adriatic Sea. Putting young Octavius in charge, he sent the army to Illyria with instructions to wait for him there. Then Caesar returned to Rome to begin reforming the government─a big job. Caesar set to work with energy and determination. But his plans were foiled by the daggers of his enemies, when he was assassinated on the Idea of March. (4) Eighteen- year-old Octavius was in Illyria when he got news of his uncle's death. He made up his mind to return to Rome. While he was packing to leave, a second messenger came with the surprising news that, in his will, Caesar had adopted Octavius as his son and made him the heir to an enormous fortune. This news was sure to raise eyebrows─and perhaps some swords─in Rome.

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    お願いします (1) In February of 44 BCE, the Roman Senate declared Julius Caesar dictator of Rome for life. According to the Greek writer Plutarch, the Senate also offered Caesar a crown, but he turned it down. Caesar knew how much Romans had hated the idea of kinds since the reign of Tarquin the Proud, 500 years before. (2) One month later, Julius Caesar was dead, murdered in the Senate. Why? This ancient coin may provide the answer. (3) On it, we see the face of Julius Caesar, a thin, handsome man with fine features, the perfect image of a noble Roman. Caesar himself had ordered the coin to be made, so it probably looks very much like him. He was the first living Roman to be depicted on a coin─by tradition, leaders and heroes received this honor only after their deaths. On the dictator's head is a laurel wreath, a symbol of victory. When Caesar's enemies was this coin, they began to question his plans. Did he intend to become Rome's king after all? Did he plan to set up a monarchy with his children and grandchildren ruling after him? This fear haunted many senators as they watched Caesar's power and popularity grow. (4) Soon after the coin appeared, a group of senators met to plot his murder. (5) In early March, people reported bizarre happenings: strange birds seen in the Forum and odd sounds heard there. Then, when Caesar was sacrificing to the gods, one of the animals was found to have no heart! Many believed that these happenings were omens─warnings of disasters to come.

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    お願いします (21) During his own lifetime, Cicero was known as a great statesman, orator, and man of action. But he died a bitterly disappointed man. He had failed to do what he most wanted to accomplish: to save the Roman Republic. Not even Cicero's enemies, though, could doubt his love for Rome. Plutarch, writing many years after Cicero's death, tells a story about Octavian─after he had risen to great power as the emperor Augustus Caesar. The emperor found his grandson reading a book written by Cicero. Knowing that his grandfather had agreed to let Mark Antony's soldiers murder Cicero, “The boy was afraid and tried to hide it under his gown. Augustus...took the book from him, and began to read it.... When he gave it back to his grandson, he said,‘My child, this was a learned man, and a lover of his country.’”

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