The Legend of Romulus and Remus
- The Roman historian Livy tells a tale of two brothers, Numitor and Amulius, who were sons of the king. Amulius seizes the throne and forces Numitor out of the kingdom, fearing that Numitor's daughter, Rhea Silvia, may bear children who will challenge his rule. Amulius forces Rhea Silvia to join the Vestal Virgins, a group of women who served in the temple of the goddess Vesta. Rhea Silvia, however, becomes pregnant and gives birth to twins, Romulus and Remus. Amulius orders the twins to be drowned, but they are instead rescued and nursed by a she-wolf.
- Despite being forced to join the Vestal Virgins, Rhea Silvia becomes pregnant and gives birth to twins, Romulus and Remus. The king, Amulius, orders the twins to be drowned, but they are saved by a servant who places them in a basket and sets it afloat on the river. The basket lands on solid ground, and the twins are eventually nursed by a she-wolf.
- Amidst a power struggle between two brothers, Amulius seizes the throne and forces his brother, Numitor, out of the kingdom. Concerned about a potential threat to his rule, Amulius forces Numitor's daughter, Rhea Silvia, to become a Vestal Virgin. Despite the strict rules forbidding marriage and children, Rhea Silvia becomes pregnant and gives birth to twins, Romulus and Remus. Outraged, Amulius orders the twins to be drowned, but they are rescued by a she-wolf and raised in the wilderness.
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お願いします (5) The Roman historian Livy had also written down a different legend about two brothers who were sons of the king. Their names were Numitor and Amulius. When their father the king died, Amulius grabbed the throne and forced Numitor to leave the kingdom. But then Amulius worried that someone might try to overthrow him. What if Numitor's daughter, Rhea Silvia, had children who might try to take the throne? Amulius wasn't taking any chances. He forced Rhea Silvia to join the Vestal Virgins―a group of women who served in the temple of the goddess Vesta. The Romans believed that Vesta wanted the complete attention of her priestesses, so the Vestal Virgins were not allowed to marry or have children. (6) Poor Rhea had no choice but to obey her uncle. But things didn't go according to Amulius's plan. Somehow, despite her protected life among the Vestal Virgins, Rhea became pregnant and gave birth to twins―two strong, handsome boys. She named her sons Romulus and Remus. Amulius was outraged when he heard the news. He ordered his servants to take the twins from their mother's arms nd drown them in the river. Rhea herself was bound and thrown into prison. (7) The servant couldn't bring himself to kill the babies, so he put them into a basket and set it afloat on the river. He was sure that the babies would be carried away and drowned as the king had commanded. But the river was kind and gently landed the basket on solid ground. (8) Although the twins didn't drown, they were still in great danger. If they didn't starve, wild animals might eat them. Miraculously, according to Livy, “a she-wolf, coming down from the... hill to quench her thirst, turned her steps towards the cry of the infants, and nursed them so gently that the keeper of the royal flock found her licking them with her tongue.”
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（5）ローマの歴史家リヴィは、また、王の息子だった2人の兄弟について異なる伝説を書き記しました。彼らの名前はヌミトルとアムーリウスでした。彼らの父親の王が死んだとき、アムーリウスが、王位を奪って、ヌミトルに王国を去ることを余儀なくさせました。しかし、その後、アムーリウスは、誰かが彼を打倒しようとするかもしれないと心配しました。 ヌミトルの娘、レア・シルビアに、王位を継ごうとするかもしれない子供が出来たらどうなるでしょう？ アムーリウスは、運任せにはしませんでした。彼は、レア・シルビアにヴェスタの乙女 ― 女神ヴェスタの神殿に仕える一団の女性たち ― に加わることを強いました。ローマ人は、ベスタが彼女の尼僧たちの申し分のない世話を要求すると信じていたので、ヴェスタの乙女は、結婚したり子供をもうけることが許されませんでした。 （6）可哀相なレアは、彼女の叔父に従わざるを得ませんでした。しかし、事態は、アムーリウスの計画通りにはいきませんでした。どういうわけか、ヴェスタの乙女たちの中での彼女の保護された生活にもかかわらず、レアは妊娠し、双子 ― 2人の丈夫で、ハンサムな男の子 ― を出産しました。彼女は、彼女の息子たちをロムルスとレムスと名付けました。アムーリウスは、この知らせを聞いたとき激怒しました。彼は、その双子を彼らの母親の腕から奪い去り、彼らを川で溺れさせるように彼の召使に命じました。レア自身も、縛りあげられ、投獄されました。 （7）その召使は、二人の赤ん坊を殺す気になれませんでした、それで、彼は、二人をかごに入れて、川に浮かべました。二人の赤ん坊は、流れに運び去られ、王が、命じた様におぼれ死ぬだろうとその召使は、確信しました。しかし、川は、親切で、優しく、その籠をしっかりとした大地に打ち上げました。 （8）双子は溺れませんでしたが、彼らは、依然として、大変危険な状況にありました。彼らが、飢え死にしないとしても、野生動物が、彼らを食べるかもしれません。奇跡的に、リヴィによると、「雌のオオカミが、のどの渇きをいやすために丘から降りて来て、彼女の歩みをその幼子たちの叫び声に向け、王家の番人が、オオカミが舌で幼子たちをなめていると気付くほど、彼らをとても優しく世話しました。」
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お願いします (23) In 31 BCE, Octavian's navy defeated Mark Antony in Greece. Morale sank among Antony's troops. Many soldiers deserted and joined Octavian. Supplies of food and water grew scarce for Antony's army. His forces suffered a fatal blow when Octavian crushed them in the Battle of Actium, a city on the western coast of Greece. Cleopatra, seeing the disaster from a distance, ordered her ships to return to Egypt. Antony saw her purple sails in retreat and ordered his sailors to follow. But Antony's ground forces continued to fight. They couldn't believe at first that their beloved leader had abandoned them. When they realized it was true, they simply laid down their weapons and surrendered. (24) The final battle between Antony and Octavian began near Alexandria on the first of August, 30 BCE. Antony ordered his fleet to attack, and his men obediently rowed toward the enemy ships. Then, instead of attacking, they saluted the enemy's leader: Octavian. Antony's cavalry deserted as well. Only the foot soldiers remained loyal to their general, but they were easily defeated. (25) Antony was infuriated that Cleopatra had ordered her troops to abandon the battle and return to Egypt. Plutarch writes that the defeated general “retreated into Alexandria, crying out in his rage that Cleopatra had betrayed him to the very men he had fought for her sake.” Cleopatra, fearing her lover's anger, hid in a huge, two-story tomb and sent a servant to tell Antony that she was dead. (26) When Antony heard the news, he was devastated. He said he had no reason to live. The war was lost and Cleopatra was dead. So he stabbed himself, by falling on his own sword. He was dying, but not yet dead, whenCleopatra's second messenger arrived, inviting Antony to come to her hiding place. The queen was alive after all. She had changed her mind and wanted to see Antony. But it was almost too late.
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