Christina Romer's Position on Effective Fiscal Policy

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  • Christina Romer emphasizes the need for additional temporary recovery measures in the 2011 budget to support the economy
  • She believes that policymakers can stimulate aggregate demand by increasing government spending and reducing taxes
  • Romer acknowledges that there is no simple solution to economic troubles and emphasizes the importance of taking action on both fronts: spending and taxation
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こんにちは。 ショートエッセイを書かなければいけないのですが、エッセイの質問内容がいまいち理解できません。 分かりやすく解説をお願いします。 Read the following quote from CHRISTINA ROMER, outgoing head of President Obama's Council of Economic Advisors. Based on this quote, explain her position on the necessary steps for an effective fiscal policy. Furthermore, analyze her perspective in terms of the way such policy could be successful. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Stimulus Lost, "The Economist," September 1, 2010 CHRISTINA ROMER said the following: The Administration understood that the recovery would be difficult precisely because many of the usual drivers of growth were missing. That is why we included $266 billion of additional temporary recovery measures in our 2011 budget. Congress has taken some important steps, including extending unemployment insurance, allocating funds to prevent teacher layoffs, and passing the HIRE tax credit to encourage firms to hire unemployed workers. However, it has enacted substantially less than what the Administration proposed. As a result, the economy has not had all the additional support that it needed. While we would all love to find the inexpensive magic bullet to our economic troubles, the truth is, it almost surely doesn’t exist. The only surefire ways for policymakers to substantially increase aggregate demand in the short run are for the government to spend more and tax less. In my view, we should be moving forward on both fronts. 彼女のquoteを読んで、財政政策の案に対する解説、見通しを書くことは理解できるのですが、explain her position on the necessary steps for an effective fiscal policy.がイマイチよく分かりません。。 彼女のquoteの訳も、ざっくりでいいのでしていただけたら助かります。 よろしくお願いします。

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  • jjubilee
  • ベストアンサー率75% (367/485)
回答No.1

本題:Read the following quote from CHRISTINA ROMER, outgoing head of President Obama's Council of Economic Advisors. Based on this quote, explain her position on the necessary steps for an effective fiscal policy. Furthermore, analyze her perspective in terms of the way such policy could be successful. 「オバマ大統領の経済諮問委員会の今度辞職するトップ、CHRISTINA ROMER(女性)の言葉から抜き取った次の一節を読みなさい。この一節をもとに、効果的な財政政策の必要なステップについての彼女の立場を説明し、そのような政策が成功する可能性もあるという点から彼女の視点を分析しなさい。」 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stimulus Lost, "The Economist," September 1, 2010 「(市場経済を)刺激するもの(原動力)は失われた」---「エコノミスト」2010年9月1日 CHRISTINA ROMER said the following:「CHRISTINA ROMER」は次のように言った。 1)The Administration understood that the recovery would be difficult precisely because many of the usual drivers of growth were missing. 「経済復興は、まさに多くの通常の成長の原動力が見えないため、困難であろうと政府は理解していた。」 2)That is why we included $266 billion of additional temporary recovery measures in our 2011 budget. 「それは、2011年の予算の中に、一時的追加復興政策としての2,660億ドルを含めたからである。」 3)Congress has taken some important steps, including extending unemployment insurance, allocating funds to prevent teacher layoffs, and passing the HIRE tax credit to encourage firms to hire unemployed workers. 「議会はいくつかの重要な策を取りました。その中には、雇用保険の適用を広げたり、教員のレイオフ(一時解雇)を防ぐための財源を割り当てたり、会社に失業者を雇用させるために「雇用」した場合の税金免除(法案)を通過させたりしました。」 4)However, it has enacted substantially less than what the Administration proposed. As a result, the economy has not had all the additional support that it needed. 「しかしながら、そのことは実質的には政府が提案したことを下回るものを法令化したことになりました。結果として、経済(の動き)のために必要であったすべての追加援助を(経済そのものが)受けることはありませんでした。」 5)While we would all love to find the inexpensive magic bullet to our economic troubles, the truth is, it almost surely doesn't exist. 「我々は皆、経済困難に安価な魔法の弾丸が撃ち込まれるのを見たかったのですが、実は、そのようなものは、ほとんど100%に近い確率で、存在していないのです。」 6)The only surefire ways for policymakers to substantially increase aggregate demand in the short run are for the government to spend more and tax less. 「政策作成者たちが短期的に総需要を実質的に増やす唯一確実な方法は、政府がさらに消費し(公共機関がもっとお金を使うこと、公共投資の減価償却費用にお金を使うこと、公務員等の給与を上げること、他にもたくさん。下記サイトを参照。)そして税金を使う量を減らすことなのです。」 http://www.bugin-eri.co.jp/doc/ecow107.pdf 7)In my view, we should be moving forward on both fronts. 「私の見解では、我々は両前線(政府の消費と税金収集という前線のこと)では前進し続けるべき(政府の消費量も増税の促進)だと思うのです。」 >彼女のquoteを読んで、財政政策の案に対する解説、見通しを書くことは理解できるのですが、explain her position on the necessary steps for an effective fiscal policy.がイマイチよく分かりません。。 5)の「魔法の弾丸」とは「市場経済を動かす原動力つまりは買い手の側の需要のびること」なのですが、「新自由主義(市場経済至上主義)」は、基本的には、アダム・スミスの「見えざる手」つまり上の「市場経済を動かす原動力」が存在することが前提としています。しかし世界経済は、1973年に先進国がこぞって変動相場制に移行したため、実体経済(需要と供給というシステムを基に動く経済)から金融経済(自国の通貨換算で損得を決める制度、つまり我が国なら円安なら金持ち、円高なら貧乏となる)へ移行し世界は為替戦争の状態に陥っています。経済の世界だけから見ると、国境がすでに無くなってしまったという状態になっています。これがグローバリズムの真の意味です。これでは需要供給をもとにした実質経済は衰退するばかりで、お金持ち・巨大産業ははみな巨大な金融業者になっています。すべての巨大法人は金融部門をもっています。 6)と7)の彼女の見解では、政府の消費を増やし減税をするという矛盾した政策を述べています。消費を増やすということは、国民から徴収した税金を多く使うということで、同時に税金の徴収額を少なくするつまり減税政策という矛盾したことを述べているのです。減税と増税を同時に勧める政策なんてあるでしょうか?政府の収入は税金と国債の発行の2つがあります。減税するということは国債をもっと発行するということです。だれがその国債を買うかというと、アメリカの国債を多く買っている集団は、巨大金融業者、そして中華人民共和国なんです。彼女の政策に従えば、ますます経済的には中国に対して大口はたたけない状況になってしまうということです。 このような需要供給システムから変動為替システムへ移行したことで、単なるマネーゲームに陥った金融経済になってしまっていますが、今この制度を改善する学説を唱えている経済学者はいません。ノーベル経済学賞を受賞している経済学者は、この金融経済学者(アメリカのシカゴ学派)がすべてだといっても過言ではありません。 マルクスの唱えた社会主義経済は、計画経済が繁栄をもたらし、最終的にはお金そのものも必要なくなってくると唱えたのですが、実情はまだ貨幣制度は脱却できていませんから、国内商品の価格設定をうまく出来なかったり、生産物の不足や生産過剰がおきたりして、未来を予測することが出来ずに破綻してしまいます。その上外国との貿易ではやはり外国為替制度をもとにしなければなりませので、世界との公益では資本主義システム、国内では社会主義システムという非常に難しい状況のまま、社会主義国の経済体制は破綻してしましました。 しかしわたしの見解ですから、現在のようなグローバリズムという経済体制になってしまったということは、逆に社会主義経済体制を見直すことも出来るのではないかと思っています。我々は変動相場制のもとで生じる手元のお金の所有する量で、我々の現世という人生はもてあそばれているのです。格差は広がるばかり、金持ちは金融経済のおかげでますますお金持ちに、お金のない者は金融経済の蚊帳の外におかれ、ますます貧乏になっていくというのが人間の文明が行き着いた最先端の姿です。

chamapose
質問者

お礼

ありがとうございました。 マクロ経済、今日本もいろいろ政策をやっているので勉強するのがとても楽しいです。 とても分かりやすく、詳しく説明していただき、感謝しています。

その他の回答 (1)

  • jjubilee
  • ベストアンサー率75% (367/485)
回答No.2

#1です。以下の点で誤解がありました。謝って訂正いたします。<>の部分が訂正後の文言です。 6)の"tax less"の訳を「税金を使う量を減らす」と訳していましたが、これは「税金徴収を減らす」つまり「減税する」が正しい訳です。当初の訳は"spend more" and "spend tax less"と取っていましたが、"spend"と"tax"が対となる動詞で"spend more" and "tax less"と取るべきでした。「消費を増やし、減税をする」が正しい考え方でした。 6)The only surefire ways for policymakers to substantially increase aggregate demand in the short run are for the government to spend more and tax less. 「政策作成者たちが短期的に総需要を実質的に増やす唯一確実な方法は、政府がさらに消費し(公共機関がもっとお金を使うこと、公共投資の減価償却費用にお金を使うこと、公務員等の給与を上げること、他にもたくさん。下記サイトを参照。)そして<減税する>ことなのです。」←<減税する> http://www.bugin-eri.co.jp/doc/ecow107.pdf 上の解釈の変更に伴って、7)の解釈も変わります。「前進し続けるべきなのは政府の消費量の増加と減税の促進」ということになります。 7)In my view, we should be moving forward on both fronts. 「私の見解では、我々は両前線(政府の消費と<減税>という前線のこと)では前進し続けるべき(政府の消費量と<減税>の促進)だと思うのです。」←<減税>の2カ所です。 ----------- そして「・・・この一節をもとに、効果的な財政政策の必要なステップについての彼女の立場を説明し、そのような政策が成功する可能性もあるという点から彼女の視点を分析しなさい。」という問題のようですが、私自身は否定的コメントを残し、解決の糸口の手助けにはなりませんでした。ご自分でさらに深くお考えになるよう求めます。 「政府の消費(公共投資)と減税」というのが彼女の方針のようです。これだけだと収入は国債によるほかないという考えが私の考えです。日本でも経済評論などでよく出てくる話です。そしてその国債は誰が買っているのかということになりますね。 迷わせてしまったかもしれません。再びごめんなさい。

chamapose
質問者

お礼

「減税する」ですね! わざわざ訂正をしていただき、ありがとうございました。

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