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英文の和訳をお願いします
- クローニングや幹細胞の研究に関する発見がノーベル賞に輝いた
- グルドン博士はカエルをクローン化した最初の人物であり、山中博士は成体細胞を卵状態に変換するためのタンパク質を発見した
- これらの発見は生体細胞の操作に関わり、動物のクローン化や幹細胞生成の技術の基盤となっている
- mittyo9755
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- kaiji8902012
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彼らの発見の問題は生きている細胞の操作、クローン動物と生成の幹細胞は、体の成熟した組織が開発し、そこから原始的な細胞のための技術の中心にある。ガードン博士は、カエル、動物のクローンを作成する第一号だった、と博士は山中成体細胞は卵のような状態に変換することが可能なタンパク質を発見した。賞はストックホルムで発表された。 （ニコラス·ウェイドより"クローニングと幹細胞作業がノーベルを受賞"） 以上でよろしいでしょうか
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But that seemed a distant prospect until Dr. Yamanaka’s discovery that 24 transcription factors, later whittled down to four, could reprogram a nucleus when introduced into cells on the back of a virus. ”Cloning and Stem Cell Work Earns Nobel"
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Cells generated from a patient are driven to form the tissue that is diseased, enabling biologists in some cases to track the steps by which the disease is developed. ”Cloning and Stem Cell Work Earns Nobel"
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At Oxford University, a more positive mentor encouraged him to try transplanting the nucleus of adult cells into frog eggs. The idea was to see if the genome — the hereditary information — stayed unchanged during development or underwent irreversible changes. In producing living tadpoles from the nucleus of adult frog cells, Dr. Gurdon showed that the genome of both egg and adult cells remained essentially unchanged. But the possibility that animals, including humans, could be cloned did not seriously impinge on the public imagination until his work was reproduced in mammals with the generation of Dolly, the cloned sheep, in 1997. The following year saw generation of the first human embryonic stem cells, which are derived from the early human embryo. Such cells are called pluripotent because they can develop into any of the mature tissues of the body. The two developments led to the concept of therapeutic cloning — take a patient’s skin cell, say, insert it into an unfertilized human egg so as to reprogram it back to pluripotent state, and then develop embryonic stem cells for conversion into the tissue or organ that the patient needed to have replaced. Since the new tissue would carry the patient’s own genome, there should be no problem of immune rejection. （ http://investorstemcell.com/forum/stem-cell-news/24239.htmより） この文章の３段落目の最初のthe twoが指すものがわからないのですが、わかる方、ご回答をお願いします。
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英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！ The process was continued, after an apparent hiatus during the civil wars of the last decades of the Republic, under the emperor Augustus. The Augustan period gave the Roman world a new stability and security buttressed by an ideological programme which emphasized concepts such as revival of traditional religious and moral values. In Pompeii, as an hundreds of other communities, prominent local citizens sought to express their gratitude to the new regime, and in some cases to secure their personal advancement, by sponsoring building projects which honoured the emperor or promoted his ideals. A good example was the erection by M.Tullius, a leading magistrate of the last decades of the first century BC, of a temple dedicated to Fortuna Augusta, one of various cults which grew up around the emperor and his tutelary spirits. Tullius had received honours from the emperor, and the building of the temple was a statement of his loyalty.
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またすいません… What the scientists did in the center was to thaw small parts of the animal and look for clues-clues that could tell us more about the would of the mammoth. Another group involved in mammoth research was an international team headed by Dr.Goto Kazufumi. 長くてすいません
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The idea for a general economic and financial conference of European nations had roots in a January 1922 session of the Supreme War Council held in Cannes. With Europe facing an economic catastrophe brought about by half a decade of World War, marked by millions of deaths, shattered infrastructure, and vast sums of squandered economic resources, British prime minister David Lloyd George sought an authoritative international gathering to set Europe's political and financial house in order, and to firmly establish his leadership at home. The formal proposal was made at Cannes on 6 January 1922 in the form of a draft resolution presented by Lloyd George and approved unanimously that same day calling for such a conference. Lloyd George told his parliament that the primary intent of the conference was to provide for "reconstruction of economic Europe, devastated and broken into fragments by the desolating agency of war. The economy of Europe was at the point of collapse, Lloyd George noted: "If European countries had gathered together their mobile wealth accumulated by centuries of industry and thrift on to one pyramid and then set fire to it, the result could hardly have been more complete. International trade has been disorganized through and through. The recognized medium of commerce, exchange based upon currency, has become almost worthless and unworkable; vast areas, upon which Europe has hitherto depended for a large proportion of its food supplies and its raw material, completely destroyed for all purposes of commerce; nations, instead of cooperating to restore, broken up by suspicions and creating difficulties and new artificial restrictions; great armies ready to march, and nations already overburdened with taxation having to bear the additional taxation which the maintenance of these huge armaments to avoid suspected dangers renders necessary." Lloyd George controversially sought the inclusion of Germany and Soviet Russia to the international conference as equal members, which met with the particular opposition of France, which sought to neutralize and isolate the two pariah nations of Europe by including them only in an inferior capacity. Any softening in the hardline stance towards Germany was perceived by France as a weakening of the Treaty of Versailles, of which it was a prime beneficiary and to which it was immutably committed.
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（ ）の部分を教えてください。 It was not until toward the end of nineteenth century, a time when embryology was gaining popularity,that scientists began (to ask searching questions ) and embryo development and inquiries began to that led ,eventually ,to the idea of cloning. 科学者たちが胎児の発達についての（ ）始めてそして最終的に クローンニングの概念につながった調査が始まったのは、１９世紀の終わりに かけて発生学が普及してからのことだった。 searchingは名詞にかかっていますか？動詞にかかっていますか？ askの意味は ？
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英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！ This was a campus (training-ground) for the military corps of upper-class youths, which Augustus promoted as part of a policy of producing model citizens and supporters of his regime. When not in use for drills and other displays, it would have been open to the general public as a pleasant intramural open space, analogous to the monumental porticus, such as the Porticus of Octavia and the Porticus of Livia, which the emperor created(in continuance of a Republican tradition) in the capital. It was provided with a central swimming pool and planted with plane trees whose estimated age at the time of the eruption is the chief argument for an Augustan date. The importance of the campus is attested by the fact that the space was obtained by suppressing six blocks of the pre-existing street-grid. Recent excavations have yielded traces of early properties which must have been bought or expropriated. One reason for placing the campus in the eastern part of the city may have been that this quarter was less densely populated than others, so that the cost of the development and the degree of disruption that it caused were less than they would have been elsewhere.
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以下の文章です。 It is, of course, true that the emancipation of Asia and Africa and the development of the European crisis went hand in hand. Among the factors which facilitated the rise of independence movements in Asia and Africa, we must include the weakening of the grip of the European powers, Iargely as a consequence of their own discords and rivalries and of the wastage of resources in which their wars resulted. From the time of the First World War the incipient nationalist movements in the non-European world profited and the sudden collapse of the European empires after 1947 was to a large extent a consequence of external pressures and of the impact of world politics. In Asia neither the British nor the French nor the Dutch ever recovered from the blows inflicted by japan between 1941 and 1945; while in Africa and the Middle East they were checked and forced into retreat by pressures from the United States-acting directly and through the United Nations-which had a strong anti-colonial tradition of its own and was unwilling to stand aside while colonialism drove the peoples of Asia and Africa over to the side of the Soviet Union. Nationalism came to Asia a century later than it came to Europe and to black Africa fifty years later than to Asia. Two external events in the early years of the twentieth century were a powerful stimulus in its rise. The first was the victory of Japan over Russia in the war of 1904-5ー a victory hailed by dependent peoples everywhere as a blow to European ascendancy and proof that European arms were not invincible. Its impact was redoubled when, ten years later,the Japanese defeated the Germans in Shantung; and the successful campaigns of Kemal Ataturk against France in 1920 and Greece in 1922 were greeted in the same way as Asian victories over western military power. The second event was the Russian revolution of 1905ーa revolution which produced scarcely an echo in Europe but which, seen as a struggle for liberation from despotism, had an electrifying effect throughout Asia. The wave of unrest extended as far as Vietnam, and its impact, in sparking off the Persian revolution of 1906, the Turkish revolution of 1908 and the Chinese revolution of 1911, and in the new impetus it gave to the Indian Congress movement in 1907, was such that its consequences in Asia have been compared with those of the French revolution of 1789 in Europe.
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