Limited Education for Children in Ancient Egypt

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  • Education in ancient Egypt was a privilege for a select few.
  • Children learned to read and write from the age of five.
  • Students practiced penmanship with reed brushes and ink cakes on polished limestone or pieces of pottery.
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お願いします (16) For the lucky children, there was school (but it was rare for a girl to be that lucky). Education was a privilege for a select few. The majority of children never learned to read or write. Education began for children at about five years old. Those who did go to school walked, carrying a lunch of bread cakes and drinks. Or, if they were wealthy enough, tutors came to their home. During the Middle Kingdom, temples and palaces built Houses of Instruction where a chosen group of boys trained for their future jobs. In school, children sat cross-legged on the floor and recited passages over and over and over again. When they knew the sayings by heart they would write them over and over and over again. Papyrus was too expensive to waste on school children, so students practiced their penmanship with reed brushes and ink cakes (just like watercolors) on polished limestone or pieces of pottery. If tax collecting was in the limestone or pieces of pottery. If tax collecting was in the student's future, he would learn arithmetic, too. Teachers expected their students to work hard and were quick to whip those who didn't. One scribe wrote, "Don't waste your day in idleness, or you will be flogged. A boy's ear is on his back. He listens when he is beaten." (17) At 12 or 14 it was time to marry and begin a family. For in the words of a New Kingdom scribe, "Take to yourselves a wife while you are young, so that she may give you a son. You should begat him for yourself when you are still young, and should live to see him become a man." And above all, "Make a holiday! And do not tire of playing!"

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(16) 幸運な子供たちにとっては、学校がありました(しかし、女の子がそれほど幸運であることは珍しかったです)。 教育は、選ばれた少数の人々の特権でした。 大多数の子供たちは、読み書きを決して学びませんでした。 教育は、5才くらいの子供たちに対して始まりました。実際に学校に通う子供たちは、徒歩通学で、パン、ケーキ、飲物の昼食を携えていました。 あるいは、彼らが十分に裕福であるならば、家庭教師が、彼らの家に来ました。 中王国の頃、寺院や宮殿は、男の子の選ばれたグループが、彼らの将来の職業に備えて訓練を受ける「教育の館」を建てていました。学校では、子供たちは床にあぐらをかいて座り、文章を何度も何度も繰り返し復唱しました。 彼らが、格言を暗記すると、彼らは、それらを何度も何度も繰り返し書きました。パピルスは、学童に無駄遣いさせるにはあまりに高価だったので、学生は、葦の筆や固形の墨(水彩絵の具に似ている)を使って、磨かれた石灰岩や陶器の破片の上で彼らの習字の練習をしました。 徴税が、その生徒の将来の職業であるならば、彼は、算数も学んだことでしょう。 先生は、彼らの学生が勤勉であることを期待し、そうでない者は、すぐにむち打ちました。 1人の書記は書きました。「一日を怠惰に無駄に過ごしてはいけない、そうしないと、あなたは鞭で打たれます。 少年の耳は、彼の背中にあります。 叩かれるときも、彼は聞き耳を立てています。」 (17) 12才から14才が、結婚して、家族を持つ年齢でした。 なぜなら、新王国の書記の言葉に「若い時に妻を娶りなさい、そうすれば、彼女はあなたに息子を与えてくれます。 まだ若いとき、あなたは息子をもうけなさい、そして、彼が一人前になるのを見るまで生きなさい。」 そして、とりわけ、「休日をもうけなさい! そして、遊ぶことに飽きてはいけません!」

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